实验3

#pragma once
#include "button.hpp"
#include<vector>
#include<iostream>

using std::vector;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

//窗口类
class window {
public:
    window(const string& win_title);
    void display()const;
    void close();
    void add_button(const string& label);

private:
    string title;
    vector<Button> buttons;
};

window::window(const string& win_title) :title{ win_title } {
    buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
}

inline void window::display()const {
    string s(40, '*');
    cout << s << endl;
    cout << "window title: " << title << endl;
    cout << "It has " << buttons.size() << "buttons: " << endl;
    for (const auto& i : buttons)
        cout << i.get_label() << " button" << endl;
    cout << s << endl;
}

void window::close() {
    cout << "close window '" << title << " ' " << endl;
    buttons.at(0).click();
}

void window::add_button(const string& label) {
    buttons.push_back(Button(label));
}


//任务1
#include "window.hpp"
#include<iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::cin;

void test() {
    window w1{ "new window" };
    w1.add_button("maximize");
    w1.display();
    w1.close();
}

int main() {
    cout << "用组合类模拟简单GUI：\n";
    test();
}
//问题1：自定义了2个类：按钮类和窗口类。使用到了标准库的3个类：<iostream><string><vector>。按钮类和<iostream><vector>，窗口类和<iostream><string>存在组合关系
//问题2：都不合适。没加const的成员函数都是需要更改数据的，const明显与功能不符；没加inline的成员函数都是需要反复调用的，inline反而会增大可执行体的体积
//问题3：打出一行长度为40的*字符串，起分隔作用

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using std::string;
using std::cout;
//按钮类
class Button {
public:
    Button(const string& text);
    string get_label()const;
    void click();

private:
    string label;
};

Button::Button(const string& text) :label{ text } {
}
inline string Button::get_label()const {
    return label;
}

void Button::click() {
    cout << "Button'" << label << "'clicked\n";
}

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void output1(const vector<int>& v) {
    for (auto& i : v)
        cout << i << ", ";
    cout << "\b\b \n";
}
void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v) {
    for (auto& i : v) {
        for (auto& j : i) {
            cout << j << ", ";
        }
        cout << "\b\b \n";
    }
}

void test1() {
    vector<int>v1(5, 42);
    const vector<int> v2(v1);
    v1.at(0) = -999;
    cout << "v1: "; output1(v1);
    cout << "v2: "; output1(v2);
    cout << "v1.at(0)=" << v1.at(0) << endl;
    cout << "v2.at(0)=" << v2.at(0) << endl;
}

void test2() {
    vector<vector<int>>v1{ {1,2,3},{4,5,6,7} };
    const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);
    v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
    cout << "v1: \n"; output2(v1);
    cout << "v2: \n"; output2(v2);

    vector<int>t1 = v1.at(0);
    cout << t1.at(t1.size() - 1) << endl;
    const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
    cout << t2.at(t2.size() - 1) << endl;

}

int main() {
    cout << "测试1：\n";
    test1();
    cout << "\n测试2:\n";
    test2();
}
//问题1：21行：定义一个长度为5值为42的整形vector对象；22行：将v1复制构造一个vector对象v2；23行：更改v1中第一个元素的值
//问题2：32行：定义一个整型二维vector对象v1，并赋值；33行:将v1复制构造给一个vector对象v2;23行：用at成员函数访问二维vector的第一个元素，并向末尾添加-999
//问题3：分别从一个可修改的二维向量v1和一个常量二维向量v2中提取并输出最后一个元素
//问题4：深复制。应至少提供一个const成员函数作为接口，否则用户无法在代码的const vector上调用该方法

#include"vectorInt.hpp"
#include<iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;

void output(const vectorInt& vi) {
    for (auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
        cout << vi.at(i) << ",";
    cout << "\b\b\n";
}

void test1() {
    int n;
    cout << "Enter n: ";
    cin >> n;

    vectorInt x1(n);
    for (auto i = 0; i < n; i++)
        x1.at(i) = i * i;
    cout << "x1: ";

    output(x1);
    vectorInt x2(n, 42);
    vectorInt x3(x2);
    x2.at(0) = -999;
    cout << "x2: "; output(x2);
    cout << "x3: "; output(x3);
}

void test2() {
    const vectorInt x(5, 42);
    vectorInt y(10, 0);
    cout << "y: "; output(y);
    y.assign(x);
    cout << "y: "; output(y);

    cout << "x.at(0)= " << x.at(0) << endl;
    cout << "x.at(0)= " << y.at(0) << endl;

}
int main() {
    cout << "测试1：\n";
    test1();
    cout << "测试2: \n";
    test2();
}
//问题1：深复制，因为释放了原有资源并重新分配了新内存
//问题2：不能，&删掉就是int类型，不能更改数值;有安全隐患，可能会出现左边的返回值
//问题3：可以，但是有不必要的复制导致的内存开销
//附加：注意对vectorInt的使用，不要造成额外的性能消耗

//vectorInt.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
// 动态int数组对象类
class vectorInt {
public:
    vectorInt(int n);
    vectorInt(int n, int value);
    vectorInt(const vectorInt& vi);
    ~vectorInt();
    
    
    
    
    int& at(int index);
    const int& at(int index) const;
    vectorInt& assign(const vectorInt& v);
    int get_size() const;
private:
    int size;
    int* ptr; // ptr指向包含size个int的数组
};
vectorInt::vectorInt(int n) : size{ n }, ptr{ new int[size] } {
}
vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value) : size{ n }, ptr{ new int[size] } {
    for (auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = value;
}
vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt& vi) : size{ vi.size }, ptr{ new int[size] }
{
    for (auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
}
vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
    delete[] ptr;
}
const int& vectorInt::at(int index) const {
    assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
    return ptr[index];
}
int& vectorInt::at(int index) {
    assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
    return ptr[index];
}
vectorInt& vectorInt::assign(const vectorInt& v) {
    delete[] ptr; // 释放对象中ptr原来指向的资源
    size = v.size;
    ptr = new int[size];
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = v.ptr[i];
    return *this;
}
int vectorInt::get_size() const {
    return size;
}
int vectorInt::get_size() const {
    return size;
}

//Matrix.hpp
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<cassert>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

//类Matrix的声明
class Matrix {
public:
    Matrix(int n, int m);
    Matrix(int n);
    Matrix(const Matrix& x);
    ~Matrix();

    void set(const double* pvalue);

    void clear();

    const double& at(int i, int j)const;
    double& at(int i, int j);

    double& at(int i, int j);

    int get_lines()const;
    int get_cols()const;

    void display()const;
private:
    int lines;
    int cols;
    double* ptr;
};

Matrix::Matrix(int n, int m) :lines(n), cols(m) {
    ptr = new double[n * m];
    clear();
}

Matrix::Matrix(int n) :Matrix(n, n) {
    ptr = new double[n * n];
    clear();
}

Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix& x) :lines(x.lines), cols(x.cols) {
    ptr = new double[lines * cols];
    for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
        ptr[i] = x.ptr[i];
}

Matrix::~Matrix() {
    delete[]ptr;
}

void Matrix::set(const double* pvalue) {
    for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
        ptr[i] = 0;
}

void Matrix::clear() {
    for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
        ptr[i] = 0;
}

const double& Matrix::at(int i, int j)const {
    assert(i >= 0 && i < lines && j >= 0 && j < cols);
    return*(ptr + cols * i + j);
}

double& Matrix::at(int i, int j){
    assert(i >= 0 && i < lines && j >= 0 && j < cols);
    return*(ptr + cols * i + j);
}

int Matrix::get_lines() const{
        return lines;
}

int Matrix::get_cols()const {
    return cols;
}

void Matrix::display()const{
    for (int i = 0; i <lines; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
        {
            cout << ptr[i * cols + j] << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

#include "matrix.hpp"
#include<iostream>
#include<cassert>

using std::sin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

const int N = 1000;
   


void output(const Matrix& m, int index) {
    assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());

    for (auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
        cout << m.at(index, j) << ",";
    cout << "\b\b \n";
}


void test1() {
    double x[1000] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 };

    int n, m;
    cout << "Enter n and m: ";
    cin >> n >> m;

    Matrix m1(n, m);
    m1.set(x);

    Matrix m2(n, m);
    m2.set(x);

    Matrix m3(2);
    m3.set(x);

    cout << "矩形对象m1:\n"; m1.display(); cout << endl;
    cout << "矩形对象m2:\n"; m2.display(); cout << endl;
    cout << "矩形对象m3:\n"; m3.display(); cout << endl;
}

void test2() {
    Matrix m1(2, 3);
    m1.clear();

    const Matrix m2(m1);
    m1.at(0, 0) = -999;

    cout << "m1.at(0,0)= " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;
    cout << "m2.at(0,0)= " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;
    cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行："; output(m1, 0);
    cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行："; output(m2, 0);
}

int main() {
    cout << "测试1：\n";
    test1();
    cout << "测试2：\n";
    test2();
}

//user.hpp
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using std::string;
using std::cout;
using namespace std;

class User {
private:
    string name, password, email;

public:
    User(string name, string password = " ", string email = " ") :
        name(name), password(password), email(email) {}
    User();
    void set_email();
    void change_password();
    void display();
};

User::User(string name, string password = " ", string email = " ") :
    name(name), password(password), email(email){}

User::User(){}

User::set_email() {
    while (true)
        cout << "Enter your email:";
    string newone;
    cin >> newone;
    while (newone.find('@') == string::npos) {
        cout << "Illegal email.Please re-enter email:";
        cin >> newone;
    }
    email = newone;
    cout << "email is set successfully..." << endl;
}

User::change_password() {
    cout << "Enter old password:";
    string newone;
    int n = 2;
    cin >> newone;
    while (n--) {

        if (newone == password)
        {

            cout << "Enter new password:";
            cin >> newone;
            password = newone;
            cout << "new password is set successfully..." << endl << endl;
            break;
        }

        cout << "password input error.Please re-enter again:";
        cin >> newone;
    }
    if (n == -1) {
        cout << "password input error. Please try after a while." << endl;

    }
}

User::display()
{
   std::cout << "Username: " << name << std::endl;
   std::cout << "Password: " << std::string(password.length(), '*')
             << std::endl;
   std::cout << "Email: " << email << std::endl;
}

#include "user.hpp"
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::vector;
using std::string;

void test() {
    vector<User> user_1st;

    User u1("Alice", "2024113"，"Alice@hotmail.com")
    user_1st.push_back(u1);
    cout << endl;

    User u2("Bob");
    u2.set_email();
    u2.change_password();
    user_1st.push_back(u1);
    cout << endl;

    User u3("Hellen");
    u2.set_email();
    u2.change_password();
    user_1st.push_back(u3);
    cout << endl;

    cout << "There are " << user_1st.size() << "users.they are: " << endl;
    for (auto& i : user_1st) {
        i.display();
        cout << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    test();
}

// 6_25.cpp

#include "account.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
int main() {
    Date date(2008, 11, 1);     // 起始日期

    // 建立几个账户
    SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
        SavingsAccount(date, "03755217", 0.015),
        SavingsAccount(date, "02343342", 0.015)
    };

    const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount);  // 账户总数

    // 11月的几笔账目
    accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
    accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");


    // 12月的几笔账目
    accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
    accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");

    // 结算所有账户并输出各个账户信息
    cout << endl;

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
        accounts[i].show();
        cout << endl;
    }

    cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;

    return 0;
}

// date.h

#ifndef __DATE_H__
#define __DATE_H__

// 日期类
class Date {
private:
    int year;           // 年
    int month;            // 月
    int day;            // 日
    int totalDays;      // 该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天

public:
    Date(int year, int month, int day);     // 用年、月、日构造日期
    int getYear() const { return year; }
    int getMonth() const { return month; }
    int getDay() const { return day; }
    int getMaxDay() const;                  // 判断当月有多少天

    // 判断当年是否为闰年
    bool isLeapYear() const {
        return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
    };

    void show() const;                      // 输出当前日期

    // 计算两个日期之间差多少天
    int distance(const Date& date) const {
        return totalDays - date.totalDays;
    }
};


#endif // __DATE_H__

#pragma once
#define __ACCOUNT_H__
#include "date.h"
#include <string>
class SavingsAccount {
private:
    std::string id;
    double balance;
    double rate;
    Date lastDate;
    double accumulation;
    static double total;
    void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void error(const std::string& msg)const;
    double accumulate(const Date& date)const {
        return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
    }
public:
    SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate);
    const std::string& getId() const { return id; }
    double getBalance() const { return balance;}
    double getRate()const { return rate; }
    static double getTotal() { return total;}

    void deposit(const Date& date,double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void settle(const Date& date);
    void show()const;
};

// account.cpp

#include "account.h"

#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

double SavingsAccount::total = 0;

// SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) : id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0)
{
    date.show();
    cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
}

void SavingsAccount::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc)
{
    accumulation = accumulate(date);
    lastDate = date;
    amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; // 保留小数点后两位
    balance += amount;
    total += amount;
    date.show();
    cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}

void SavingsAccount::error(const string& msg) const
{
    cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
}

void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc)
{
    record(date, amount, desc);
}

void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc)
{
    if (amount > getBalance())
        error("not enough moneny");
    else
        record(date, -amount, desc);
}

void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date)
{
    // 计算年息
    double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));

    if (interest != 0)
        record(date, interest, "interest");

    accumulation = 0;
}

void SavingsAccount::show() const
{
    cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}