Thrift序列化与反序列化的实现机制分析
2017-03-17 10:56 让猪再飞会 阅读(2323) 评论(2) 编辑 收藏 举报Thrift是如何实现序死化与反序列化的,在IDL文件中,更改IDL文件中的变量序号或者[使用默认序号的情况下,新增变量时,将新增的变量不放在IDL文件的结尾,均会导致Thrift文件的反序列后无法做到向后兼容],我们只有理解Thrift是如何实现序列化的,才能了解这种现象产生的原因,才能把代码写的更让人放心
关于Thrift域的版本号的定义可以在http://thrift.apache.org/static/files/thrift-20070401.pdf这篇文章中找到说定义
Versioning in Thrift is implemented via field identifiers. The field header for every member of a struct in Thrift is encoded with a unique field identifier. The combination of this field identifier and its type specifier is used to uniquely identify the field. The Thrift definition language supports automatic assignment of field identifiers, but it is good programming practice to always explicitly specify field identifiers.
翻译过来,大概意思就是Thrift中每个域都有一个版本号,这个版本号是由属性的数字序号 + 属性的类型来确定的
一个简单的Thrift文件
struct Test { 1 : required i32 key; 2 : required string value; }
执行
thrift -gen java Test.thrift
将thrift文件转换成java源文件,在此不列出详细的源文件内容,只列出与序列化与反序列化相关的代码
序列化,实际上就是write,如下所示
//http://www.aiprograming.com/b/pengpeng/24
public void write(org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol oprot, Test struct) throws org.apache.thrift.TException { struct.validate(); oprot.writeStructBegin(STRUCT_DESC); oprot.writeFieldBegin(KEY_FIELD_DESC); oprot.writeI32(struct.key); oprot.writeFieldEnd(); if (struct.value != null) { oprot.writeFieldBegin(VALUE_FIELD_DESC); oprot.writeString(struct.value); oprot.writeFieldEnd(); } oprot.writeFieldStop(); oprot.writeStructEnd(); }
struct.validate()主要用来校验thrift文件中定义的required域即必传的值是不是有值,没有值就会抛出TProtocolException异常
public void validate() throws org.apache.thrift.TException { // check for required fields // alas, we cannot check 'key' because it's a primitive and you chose the non-beans generator. if (value == null) { throw new org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolException("Required field 'value' was not present! Struct: " + toString()); } }
oprot.writeStructBegin(STRUCT_DESC);STRUCT_DESC = new org.apache.thrift.protocol.TStruct("Test");即开始写结构体的标识,在这里我们以TBinaryProtocol二进制 的传输作为例子,TBinaryProtocol中writeStructBegin的实现如下
public void writeStructBegin(TStruct struct) { }
即什么都没有做,接下来oprot.writeFieldBegin(KEY_FIELD_DESC);中
KEY_FIELD_DESC = new org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField("key", org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.I32, (short)1);
TBinaryProtocol中对应的实现如下
public void writeFieldBegin(TField field) throws TException { this.writeByte(field.type); this.writeI16(field.id); }
从上面的代码中可以看出序列化的过程中写入的是域的类型以及域的数字序号,从org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType中,我们也可以知道在thrift IDL支持的数据类型,如下所示
public final class TType { public static final byte STOP = 0; public static final byte VOID = 1; public static final byte BOOL = 2; public static final byte BYTE = 3; public static final byte DOUBLE = 4; public static final byte I16 = 6; public static final byte I32 = 8; public static final byte I64 = 10; public static final byte STRING = 11; public static final byte STRUCT = 12; public static final byte MAP = 13; public static final byte SET = 14; public static final byte LIST = 15; public static final byte ENUM = 16; public TType() { }
其中STOP用于序列化完所有的域后,写入序死化文件,表示所有的域都序列化完成,接下来是oprot.writeI32(struct.key);这条语句就是写入要序列化的int类型值,对应TBinaryProtocol的实现如下所示:
public void writeI32(int i32) throws TException { this.i32out[0] = (byte)(255 & i32 >> 24); this.i32out[1] = (byte)(255 & i32 >> 16); this.i32out[2] = (byte)(255 & i32 >> 8); this.i32out[3] = (byte)(255 & i32); this.trans_.write(this.i32out, 0, 4); }
大致意思就是将int转换为byte数组,写入下层的channel中,接下来就是oprot.writeFieldEnd();对应TBinaryProtocol的实现如下所示:
public void writeFieldEnd() { }
接下来的这段代应就是序列化Test.thrift中定义的value,和上面的序列化过程基本类似,但是也有区别,在序列化string类型时,会先在序死化文件里写入字符串的长度,然后再写入字符串的值
if (struct.value != null) { oprot.writeFieldBegin(VALUE_FIELD_DESC); oprot.writeString(struct.value); oprot.writeFieldEnd(); }
最后,会向序列化的文件里面写入一个字节的0表示序列化结束,如下所示
public void writeFieldStop() throws TException { this.writeByte((byte)0); }
从上面的序列化过程中,我们可以知道序列化后的文件里面只有域的类型以及域的数字序号,没有域的名称,因此与JSON/XML这种序列化工具相比,thrift序列化后生成的文件体积要小很多
有了序列化的生成过程,再来看看thrift是如何反序列化,就非常简单了,反序列化的代码如下所示
public void read(org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol iprot, Test struct) throws org.apache.thrift.TException { org.apache.thrift.protocol.TField schemeField; iprot.readStructBegin(); while (true) { schemeField = iprot.readFieldBegin(); if (schemeField.type == org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.STOP) { break; } switch (schemeField.id) { case 1: // KEY if (schemeField.type == org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.I32) { struct.key = iprot.readI32(); struct.setKeyIsSet(true); } else { org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolUtil.skip(iprot, schemeField.type); } break; case 2: // VALUE if (schemeField.type == org.apache.thrift.protocol.TType.STRING) { struct.value = iprot.readString(); struct.setValueIsSet(true); } else { org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolUtil.skip(iprot, schemeField.type); } break; default: org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolUtil.skip(iprot, schemeField.type); } iprot.readFieldEnd(); } iprot.readStructEnd(); // check for required fields of primitive type, which can't be checked in the validate method if (!struct.isSetKey()) { throw new org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolException("Required field 'key' was not found in serialized data! Struct: " + toString()); } struct.validate(); }
反序列化最为核心的代码在while循环这里,schemeField是由域的类型type及域的数字序号id构成的一个类,如下所示
public class TField { public final String name; public final byte type; public final short id; public TField() { this("", (byte)0, (short)0); } public TField(String n, byte t, short i) { this.name = n; this.type = t; this.id = i; } public String toString() { return "<TField name:\'" + this.name + "\' type:" + this.type + " field-id:" + this.id + ">"; } public boolean equals(TField otherField) { return this.type == otherField.type && this.id == otherField.id; } }
iprot.readFieldBegin();就是从序列化文件中构造一个TField类型的对象,TBinaryProtocol的实现如下所示,从下面的源代码可以看出,首先读取域的类型,然后读取域的数字序号
public TField readFieldBegin() throws TException { byte type = this.readByte(); short id = type == 0?0:this.readI16(); return new TField("", type, id); }
构造完了TFiled对象之后,我们需要读取域的值,看switch语句,也很容易理解,要读取域的值,需要两个前提
1.域的数字序号相同
2.域的类型相同
在满足上面的两个要求的前提下,再根据域的类型,调用相应的读取方法,如果域的数字序号相同,但是域的类型不同,则会跳过给该域赋值,执行的代码逻辑是
org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolUtil.skip(iprot, schemeField.type);
最后,反序列化完成后,还要需检查一下必传的值是否已经传了,调用下面这段代码
struct.validate();
由反序列化的过程,可以知道,Thrift的反序列化,没有用到java的反射技术,也没有开设过多的内存空间,因此同JSON/XML相比,反序列化更快,更省内存,从反序列化的过程中,我们可以看到
Thrift的向后兼容性,需要满足一定的条件
1.域的数字序号不能改变
2.域的类型不能改变
满足了上面的两点,无论你增加还是删除域,都可以实现向后兼容,勿需担心
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