条款8:写operator new和operator delete时要遵循常规
1. 首先我被一个问题所困恼:条款7中的operator new是这么写的,但条款8中的new却多了一个while。回头再仔细看下条款7,原来条款7中的operator new只处理了第一次分配内存失败的异常。
//条款7中的operator new
template<class T>
void* NewHandlerSupport<T>::operator new(size_t size)
{
void* memory = NULL;
new_handler old_handler = ::set_new_handler(current_handler);
try
{
memory = ::operator new(size);
}
catch (std::bad_alloc&)
{
set_new_handler(old_handler);
throw;
}
set_new_handler(old_handler);
return memory;
}
2. operator new要遵循哪些常规:a)要有正确的返回值. b)内存不够异常处理. c)处理请求0字节内存分配. d)避免隐藏标准new. e) 非类成员的operator new 和类成员的operator new区别. 其看起来会像下面这样:
//条款8中非类成员的operator new
void* operator new(size_t size)
{
if(0 == size)
{
size = 1;
}
while(1)
{
new_handler handler = NULL;
void* memory = NULL;
handler = set_new_handler(NULL);
set_new_handler(handler);
memory = ::operator new(size);
if(NULL != memory)
return memory;
if(handler)
(*handler)();
else
throw std::bad_alloc();
}
}
//条款8中类成员的operator new class X { public: static void* operator new(size_t size); //... private: //... }; void* X::operator new(size_t size) { if(size != sizeof(X)) //如果X的子类的size大于sizeof(X) return ::operator new(size); /*if(0 == size) { size = 1; }*/ while(1) { new_handler handler = NULL; void* memory = NULL; handler = set_new_handler(NULL); set_new_handler(handler); memory = ::operator new(size); if(NULL != memory) return memory; if(handler) (*handler)(); else throw std::bad_alloc(); } }3. operator delete要遵循哪些常规:a)C++保证删除空指针永远是安全的,意味着我们只需要保证我们的指针不是野指针就无大碍. b)同样的非类成员的operator delete和类成员的operator delete有区别.
//非类成员的operator delete void operator delete(void* memory) { if(NULL == memory) return; ::operator delete(memory); return; } //类成员的operator delete class X { public: static void* operator new(size_t size); static void operator delete(void* memory, size_t size); //... private: //... }; void X::operator delete(void* memory, size_t size) { if(NULL == memory) return; if(size != sizeof(X)) //如果X的子类的size大于sizeof(X) { ::operator delete(memory); //标准的delete return; } //自定义的delete,这里也调用标准的delete ::operator delete(memory); }
不积跬步无以至千里,不积小流无以成江河。