使用uWSGI+nginx部署Django项目(Ubuntu)
对于uwsgi+nginx的部署方式,它的访问关系大概是:
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the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django |
如果你需要使用virtualenv:
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virtualenv uwsgi-tutorial cd uwsgi-tutorial source bin /activate |
安装django:
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pip install Django django-admin.py startproject mysite cd mysite |
这里假设的你域名是:example.com,在后面的你可以换成你的域名或者IP地址。
原教程中使用的是8000端口号,我们这直接使用80端口。
基于uwsgi
安装uwsgi
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pip install uwsgi |
先做个测试uwsgi是否能正常使用,创建一个test.py文件(在哪创你自己决定啊,反正配置完要删的):
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# test.py def application(env, start_response): start_response( '200 OK' , [( 'Content-Type' , 'text/html' )]) return [b "Hello World" ] # python3 #return ["Hello World"] # python2 |
下面我们使用uwsgi:
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uwsgi - - http : 8000 - - wsgi - file test.py |
参数解释:
http :8000:指示用的是8000端口
wsgi-file test.py:加载指定文件 test.py
然后你就可以尝试访问了:
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http: //example .com:8000 |
接下来我们在django项目上尝试一下
新建的django项目需要先:
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python manage.py migrate<br>python manage.py runserver |
如果能够运行:
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uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi |
参数:
module mysite.wsgi :指定wsgi
尝试访问:
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http: //example .com:8000 |
现在的结构类似于:
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the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django |
基于 nginx
安装nginx
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sudo apt-get install nginx sudo /etc/init .d /nginx start # start nginx |
也可以用nginx服务命令比如
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sudo service nginx start sudo service nginx stop sudo service nginx restart |
现在访问http://127.0.0.1/就能看到默认的nginx主页
然后我们来配置nginx文件,先对原始配置文件做个备份
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sudo cp /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-available/default .bak |
然后编辑配置文件
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sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default |
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# default # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to upstream django { # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first) } # configuration of the server server { # the port your site will be served on listen 80 default_server; listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on; # the domain name it will serve for server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN charset utf-8; # max upload size client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste # Django media location /media { alias /path/to/your/mysite/media ; # your Django project's media files - amend as required } location /static { alias /path/to/your/mysite/static ; # your Django project's static files - amend as required } # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server. location / { uwsgi_pass django; include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params ; # the uwsgi_params file you installed } |
一下是我的配置信息供参考
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upstream django { server unix: ///home/ubuntu/blogsite/mysite .sock; # for a file socket #server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first) } server { listen 80 default_server; listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on; root /usr/share/nginx/html ; index index.html index.htm; # Make site accessible from http://localhost/ server_name localhost; charset utf-8; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; client_max_body_size 75M; location /media { alias /home/ubuntu/blogsite/media ; } location /static { alias /home/ubuntu/blogsite/static ; } location / { # First attempt to serve request as file, then # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404. #try_files $uri $uri/ =404; # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules uwsgi_pass django; include /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params ; } |
下面我们对django进行一下配置,编辑django配置文件mysite/settings.py 加上:
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STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/" ) |
这些配置信息具体用处可在我的另一篇文章中看到。
然后执行命令
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python manage.py collectstatic |
然后重启nginx
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sudo /etc/init .d /nginx restart |
现在可以在django项目中放几个静态文件,看是否能访问:
比如将一个media.png的图片放在mysite/media 文件夹中(没有media文件夹可以自己创建一个)
然后访问
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http: //example .com /media/media .png |
就能访问到这个图片。
nginx,uwsgi和test.py
还记得我们创建的test.py文件,现在我们再让它发挥一下作用
再test.py 的目录下执行命令:
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uwsgi --socket :8001 --wsgi- file test .py |
这里使用的8001端口号跟上面的配置文件中的
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upstream django { # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first) } |
相对应,我们现在是用的端口socket所以使用下面的配置,以后会使用到文件socket
然后我们访问网站就能看到test.py 文件返回的内容了
这次我们的访问顺序类似于:
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the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uWSGI <-> Python |
注:如果上文中的8001端口不能使用可改用其他端口号
使用unix sockets文件代替端口
前面我们使用了tcp端口,十分简单,但是我们最好使用sockets文件,这样能减少资源消耗
我们将default的配置稍作修改
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server unix: ///path/to/your/mysite/mysite .sock; # for a file socket # server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first) |
然后在django目录中使用命令
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uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi- file test .py |
然后访问网站,
注:如果不能访问(一般来说访问不了!!),我们check一下nginx的错误日志,
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vim /var/log/nginx/error .log |
如果在里面看到类似于
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connect() to unix: ///path/to/your/mysite/mysite .sock failed (13: Permission denied) |
那是权限问题,我们改用下面的命令
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uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi- file test .py -- chmod -socket=666 |
如果能正常访问了,那我们来试试使用wsgi来访问django项目
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uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi -- chmod -socket=666 |
然后我们使用.ini文件来配置uwsgi(差不多就能完成了),在项目目录下创建mysite_uwsgi.ini
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# mysite_uwsgi.ini file [uwsgi] # Django-related settings # the base directory (full path) chdir = /path/to/your/project # Django's wsgi file module = project.wsgi # the virtualenv (full path) #home = /path/to/virtualenv # process-related settings # master master = true # maximum number of worker processes processes = 10 # the socket (use the full path to be safe socket = /path/to/your/project/mysite .sock # ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed chmod -socket = 666 # clear environment on exit vacuum = true |
一下是我的配置,供参考
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[uwsgi] # Django-related settings # the base directory (full path) chdir = /home/ubuntu/blogsite # Django's wsgi file module = blogsite.wsgi # the virtualenv (full path) # home = /path/to/virtualenv # process-related settings # master master = true # maximum number of worker processes processes = 2 # the socket (use the full path to be safe socket = /home/ubuntu/blogsite/mysite .sock # ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed chmod -socket = 666 # clear environment on exit vacuum = true |
然后,跑起来
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uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini |
以上,使用uWSGI+nginx部署Django项目就算是完成了,还有其它的配置可参考官方文档(比如怎样服务开机自启)
http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/Django_and_nginx.html
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