深浅拷贝
首先关于copy和mutableCopy的行为:不管是NSString这种元素类、还是NSArray这样的容器类、还是Mutable和非Mutable类,copy和mutableCopy调用后表现的行为到底是什么样完成取决于类本身NSCopying和NSMutableCopying协议是如何实现的。
想要正常调用copy和mutableCopy两个函数,那么类就一定要实现对应的协议。
1. 元素数据的copy和mutableCopy。
常用的NSString类,示例代码如下:
- NSString* string = @”a”;
- NSString* stringCopy = [string copy];// stringCopy与string地址相同,retainCount+ 1
- NSMutableString* stringMCopy = [string mutablecopy];// stringMCopy与string地址不同
- NSMutableString* stringM1 = [stringMCopy copy];//地址与stringMCopy不同,且为不可修改
- NSMutableString* stringM2 = [stringMCopy mutablecopy];//地址与stringMCopy不同,可修改
可以基本推出NSString和NSMutableString中两个协议的实现
- NSString:
- - (id)copywithZone:(NSZone*)zone
- {
- return self;
- }
- - (id)mutableCopywithZone:(NSZone*)zone
- {
- NSMutableString* copy =[[NSMutableString alloc] initxxxxxx];
- ....
- return copy;
- }
- NSMutableString:
- - (id)copywithZone:(NSZone*)zone
- {
- NSString* copy = [[NSStringalloc] initxxxxxx];
- ....
- return copy;//所以不可修改
- }
- - (id)mutableCopywithZone:(NSZone*)zone
- {
- NSMutableString* copy =[[NSMutableString alloc] initxxxxxx];
- ....
- return copy;
- }
2. 容器类的copy和mutableCopy。
常用类NSArray和NSMutableArray,看如下示例代码:
- Class1* obj1= ....;//正常初始化
- NSArray* array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:obj1, nil];
- NSArray* arrayCopy = [array copy];//地址不变,retaincount+1
- NSMutableArray* arrayMCopy = [array mutableCopy];//地址改变,但是数组中成员指针和obj1相同,浅拷贝
- NSMutableArray* arrayM1 = [arrayMCopy Copy];//地址改变,但是数组中成员指针和obj1相同,浅拷贝。arrayM1为NSArray不可修改
- NSMutableArray* arrayM2 = [arrayMCopy mutableCopy];//地址改变,但是数组中成员指针和obj1相同,浅拷贝
- //推断
- NSArray:
- - (id)copywithZone:(NSZone*)zone
- {
- //伪码
- return [self retain];
- }
- - (id)mutableCopywithZone:(NSZone*)zone
- {
- NSMutableArray* copy = [[NSMutableString alloc] initxxxxxx];
- for (id element in self) {
- [copy addObject:element];//element retian count + 1
- ....
- }
- return copy;
- }
- NSMutableArray:
- - (id)copywithZone:(NSZone*)zone
- {
- NSArray* copy = [[NSArray alloc] initXXX];
- /*把每个element加入到copy数组,retainCount+1*/
- ....
- return copy;
- }
- - (id)mutableCopywithZone:(NSZone*)zone
- {
- NSMutableArray* copy = [[NSMutableString alloc] initxxxxxx];
- for (id element in self) {
- [copy addObject:element];//element retian count + 1
- ....
- }
- return copy;
- }
3. 深拷贝
上面提到的官方文档中介绍两种实现深拷贝的方法:
a. 用Array的initWithArray: copyItems函数,如下:
NSArray *deepCopyArray=[[NSArray alloc] initWithArray: someArraycopyItems: YES];
调用后,会对原NSArray中的每个元素调用其copy函数,并把返回的id加入到新的数组中。所以这是依赖于Obj对象类实现的深拷贝,如果- (id)copywithZone:(NSZone*)zone是重新分配一块内存赋值后返回,那么就是真正的深拷贝。如果直接返回自身,那么它只是浅拷贝。
b. 用archiver方式:
NSArray* trueDeepCopyArray = [NSKeyedUnarchiverunarchiveObjectWithData: [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:oldArray]];
这是真正意义上的深拷贝,不依赖于实际类Copying协议的实现。
4. 用Category实现自定义的深拷贝deepmutableCopy,如:
- - (NSMutableArray *)mutableDeepCopy
- {
- NSMutableArray *ret = [[NSMutableArrayalloc] initWithCapacity:[self count]];
- for (id value in self)
- {
- id oneCopy = nil;
- if ([value respondsToSelector:@selector(mutableDeepCopy)])
- oneCopy = [value mutableDeepCopy];
- else if ([value respondsToSelector:@selector(mutableCopy)])
- oneCopy = [value mutableCopy];
- if (oneCopy == nil)
- oneCopy = [value copy];
- [ret addObject: oneCopy];
- }
- return ret;
- }