Objective-C 基础教程第八章,FoundationKit介绍
目录
Object-C 基础教程第八章,FoundationKit介绍
0x00 前言
大家好！我是卷王VxerLee，难得清闲的大周末我又来卷了。
我找了个附近的StarBucks，戴上耳机、掏出我的mbp、摆出我的洛斐鼠标和键盘、摊开我的《Objective-C基础教程 (第2版)》书本，开始沉浸式学习。
0x01 Foundation Kit介绍
今天要做的笔记内容是第8章Foundation Kit介绍，Foundation框架是Cocoa的很重要的一部分，内置了大量有用的类。
其中Cocoa中还包含了很重要的Application Kit(AppKit)和User Interface Kit(UIKit)框架，其中前者多用于macOS桌面端的开发中，而UIKit多用于iOS的开发。
Foundation框架中的类或者函数基本上都以NS开头，他是基于另外一个框架CoreFoundation为基础创建的。
CoreFoundation框架是用纯C语言写的，所以他框架中的类和函数都是以CF开头的，以后遇到的话可以注意下。
OK话不多说，直接上代码，整活。
NSRange(范围类型)
//NSRange
NSRange nsRange = NSMakeRange(5, 6);
NSLog(@"location:%d",nsRange.location);
NSLog(@"length:%d",nsRange.length);
CGRect(几何数据类型)
//几何数据类型
//创建一个矩形
CGPoint point = CGPointMake(1, 2);
CGSize size = CGSizeMake(100, 200);
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(point.x, point.y, size.width, size.height);
NSString (字符串类型) ☆
//字符串
NSString *msg = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Hello,%@,%d加油!",@"OC",2022];
NSLog(msg);
NSLog(@"字符串长度:%d",[msg length]);
//比较
if([msg isEqualToString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Hello,OC,%d加油!",2022]] == YES)
{
NSLog(@"字符串相等");
}else
{
NSLog(@"字符串不相等");
}
if([@"Hello" compare:@"hello" options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch] == 0)
{
NSLog(@"内容相同(不区分大小写)");
}else{
NSLog(@"内容不同");
}
//字符串包含
//判断字符串是否以.skg结尾 是否以/var/movile开头,是否包含mobile 或者test.skg
NSString *filepath = @"/var/mobile/tset.skg";
if ([filepath hasSuffix:@".skg"]) {
NSLog(@"文件是以.skg结尾的.");
}else
{
NSLog(@"文件不是以.skg结尾的.");
}
//判断前缀 后缀
if([filepath hasPrefix:@"/var/mobile"])
{
NSLog(@"文件是以/var/mobile开头的");
}else{
NSLog(@"文件不是以/var/mobile开头的");
}
if([filepath rangeOfString:@"tset.skg"].location != NSNotFound)
{
NSLog(@"该文件是test.skg文件");
}else{
NSLog(@"该文件不是test.skg文件");
}
if ([filepath rangeOfString:@"mobile"].location != NSNotFound ) {
NSLog(@"存在mobile目录");
}else
{
NSLog(@"不存在mobile目录");
}
NSMutableString (可变字符串类型) ☆
//可变字符串
NSMutableString *mutablestring = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:66];
[mutablestring appendFormat:@"%d+%d=%d",1,2,3];
[mutablestring appendString:@"不错不错"];
[mutablestring deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 2)];
NSArray (集合类型) ☆
//集合 ()
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"tow",@"trhee",@"For",@"five", nil];
//遍历集合
for (NSInteger i=0; i<[array count]; i++) {
NSLog(@"index %d has %@",i,[array objectAtIndex:i]);
}
//可变数组
NSMutableArray *mutarray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:18];
[mutarray addObject:@"1"];
[mutarray addObject:@"2"];
[mutarray addObject:@"3"];
[mutarray addObject:@"4"];
//NSInteger testN = 6;
//[mutarray addObject:testN];
for (NSInteger i=0; i<[mutarray count]; i++) {
id test = [mutarray objectAtIndex:i];
NSLog(@"%@",test);
}
NSEnumerator (枚举类型)
//枚举
NSEnumerator *enumerator = [mutarray objectEnumerator];
for (id value in mutarray) {
NSLog(@"%@",value);
}
[array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
NSLog(@"using block enumerator %@",obj);
}];
NSLog(@"6");
NSString *str1 = @"hello";
NSString *str2 = @"World!";
NSString *str3 = @"i";
NSString *str4 = @"love";
NSString *str5 = @"oc";
NSDictionary(字典类型)☆
//字典类型
NSDictionary *dic = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:str1,@"1",str2,@"2",str3,@"3",str4,@"4",str5,@"5",nil];
NSDictionary *dic2 = @{@"1":str1,@"2":str2,@"3":str3,@"4":str4,@"5":str5};
NSLog(@"%@",[dic objectForKey:@"2"]);
NSLog(@"%@",dic[@"5"]);
//可变字典
NSMutableDictionary *mutableDic = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[mutableDic setObject:str1 forKey:@"1"];
[mutableDic setObject:str2 forKey:@"2"];
[mutableDic setObject:str3 forKey:@"3"];
[mutableDic setObject:str4 forKey:@"4"];
[mutableDic setObject:str5 forKey:@"5"];
NSLog(@"%@",mutableDic[@"1"]);
NSString *newstr = @"66666666666";
//替换key中的value
[mutableDic setObject:newstr forKey:@"1"];
NSLog(@"%@",mutableDic[@"1"]);
//删除值，通过key
[mutableDic removeObjectForKey:@"1"];
NSLog(@"%@",[mutableDic objectForKey:@"1"]);
NSNumber(值类型)☆
//NSNumber OC中用对象形式来显示的基本数据类型
//+(NSNumber *) numberWithChar: (char) value;
//+(NSNumber *) numberWithInt: (int) value;
//+(NSNumber *) numberWithFloat (float) value;
//+(NSNumber *) numberWithBool: (BOOL) value;
//返回值
//-(char) charValue;
//-(int) intValue;
//-(float) floatValue;
//-(BOOL) boolValue;
//-(NSString *) stringValue;
//字面值方式直接创建
NSNumber *number;
number = @"X";//字符类型
number = @12345; //int
number = @12345u; //uint
number = @12345ul;//ulong
number = @12345ll;//long long
number = @123.45f;//float
number = @123.45; //double
number = @YES; //BOOL
//将对象放入Dictionary ，否则不能直接将基本类型放入Dictionary
[mutableDic setObject:number forKey:@"1"];
NSValue (值类型)
//还有比NSNumber 更加强大的NSValue ，这个其实是NSNumber的父类，可以封装任意值
NSRect rect1 = NSMakeRect(1, 2, 30, 40);
NSValue *value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&rect1 objCType:@encode(NSRect)];
[mutarray addObject:value];
//获取数值
//NSRect rect2 = [value getValue:&rect];
NSNull (空类型)
//NSNull 之前我们说过，不能在集合中放入nil值，因为在NSArray和NSDirectionary中nil有特殊的含义，
//但是有时候需要明确的存储空值
[NSNull null];
代码输出回显
2022-03-26 15:50:39.679650+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] location:5
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680168+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] length:6
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680286+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] Hello,OC,2022加油!
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680344+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 字符串长度:16
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680394+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 字符串相等
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680451+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 内容相同(不区分大小写)
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680516+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 文件是以.skg结尾的.
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680555+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 文件是以/var/mobile开头的
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680617+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 该文件是test.skg文件
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680658+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 存在mobile目录
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680732+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] index 0 has One
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680841+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] index 1 has tow
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680883+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] index 2 has trhee
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680907+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] index 3 has For
2022-03-26 15:50:39.680928+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] index 4 has five
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685202+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 1
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685263+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 2
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685302+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 3
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685336+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 4
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685455+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 1
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685521+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 2
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685552+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 3
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685574+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 4
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685598+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] using block enumerator One
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685624+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] using block enumerator tow
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685643+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] using block enumerator trhee
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685662+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] using block enumerator For
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685680+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] using block enumerator five
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685698+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 6
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685821+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] World!
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685900+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] oc
2022-03-26 15:50:39.685991+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] hello
2022-03-26 15:50:39.686086+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] 66666666666
2022-03-26 15:50:39.686189+0800 Foundation_Demo[2339:137850] (null)
Program ended with exit code: 0
小项目：查找文件
OK写了那么多片段代码，光学理论知识很容易就会忘记，我们需要来写个小项目动动手，加深肌肉记忆。
程序功能如下：
- 可以查找你在Mac电脑上的主目录以查找.jpg文件并打印到列表中。
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
//用来与文件系统交互的类
NSFileManager *manager;
manager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
//主目录 /Users/用户名
NSString *home;
home = [@"~" stringByExpandingTildeInPath];
//目录 枚举，枚举home目录
NSDirectoryEnumerator *direnmu;
direnmu = [manager enumeratorAtPath:home];
//可变集合，用来存储文件列表
NSMutableArray *files;
files = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:42];
//遍历home 添加只属于jpg后缀的文件名
NSString *filename;
while (filename = [direnmu nextObject])
{
if( [filename hasSuffix:@".jpg"])
{
[files addObject:filename];
}
}
//利用NSEnumerator类型 遍历输出集合中保存的文件名.
NSEnumerator *fileenum;
fileenum = [files objectEnumerator];
while (filename = [fileenum nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"%@",filename);
}
}
return 0;
}
改进程序
改进程序，使其可以使用命令行，并且能搜索自定义目录下自定义的后缀名，并且用快速枚举方法
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#define NSLog(FORMAT, ...) printf("%s\n",[[NSString stringWithFormat:FORMAT, ##__VA_ARGS__] UTF8String])
void usage()
{
NSLog(@" _______ __ _ __ ____ ______");
NSLog(@" / ____(_) /__ | | / /___ _/ / /_____ _____/ ____/ __");
NSLog(@" / /_ / / / _ \\ | | /| / / __ `/ / //_/ _ \\/ ___/ __/ | |/_/");
NSLog(@" / __/ / / / __/ | |/ |/ / /_/ / / ,< / __/ / / /____> <");
NSLog(@"/_/ /_/_/\___/ |__/|__/\\__,_/_/_/|_|\\___/_/ /_____/_/|_|");
NSLog(@"");
NSLog(@" From 三进制安全 & PTU Team VxerLee");
NSLog(@"");
NSLog(@"例子:");
NSLog(@" ./FileWalkerEx /Users/VxerLee jpg");
NSLog(@"");
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
if(argc < 3)
{
usage();
return 0;
}
usage();
//
NSString *strDir = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:argv[1]];
NSString *strSuffic = [NSString stringWithFormat:@".%s",argv[2]];
NSLog(@"开始搜寻目录:%@",strDir);
NSLog(@"搜索后缀名为:%@的文件",strSuffic);
//用来与文件系统交互的类
NSFileManager *manager;
manager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSMutableArray *files;
files = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:69];
//遍历
for (NSString *filename in [manager enumeratorAtPath:strDir]) {
if([filename hasSuffix:strSuffic])
{
NSLog(@"---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
NSLog(@"%@",filename);
[files addObject:filename];
}
}
//遍历完在输出太慢了，这里注释了
/*
for (NSString *filename in files) {
NSLog(@"---------------------------------------------------------------------");
NSLog(@"%@",filename);
}
*/
}
return 0;
}
成品图：
对应的源码可在 https://github.com/Vxer-Lee/FileWalkerEx 中找到。
OK，在星巴克白嫖了不少白开水，也得收敛点了，不学了，出去Happy！😝
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本文来自博客园，作者：VxerLee，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/VxerLee/p/16060210.html 专注逆向、网络安全 ——VxerLee
