Nginx 使用

Nginx 由俄罗斯程序员 Igor 开发，目的是解决 C10K 问题。Nginx 和 Apache HTTP Server 是目前最流行的 Web 服务器。

安装

macOS:

brew install nginx

Ubuntu:

sudo apt install nginx

Docker:

docker pull nginx

使用

nginx                       # 启动 Nginx
curl http://127.0.0.1:8080  # 检查是否启动成功

Nginx 进程模型：

flowchart TD M(master) --> W1(Worker) M(master) --> W2(Worker) M(master) --> W3(Worker)

• master 进程负责读取和验证配置文件，以及管理 worker 进程。
• worker 进程是 Nginx 的工作进程，负责处理实际的请求。

服务启停：

nginx -s quit   # 优雅停止
nginx -s stop   # 立即停止
nginx -s reload # 重新加载配置文件
nginx -s reopen # 重新打开配置文件

静态站点部署

首先找到配置文件位置：

$ nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /opt/homebrew/etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/homebrew/etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

编辑配置文件 /opt/homebrew/etc/nginx/nginx.conf：

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {
        listen       8080; # 监听端口
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {                     # 匹配根目录
            root   html;                 # 匹配的文件夹（在 Nginx 安装目录下）
            index  index.html index.htm; # 默认页面
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

    include servers/*;
}

参考：【GeekHour】30 分钟 Nginx 入门教程 | 哔哩哔哩

Troubleshooting

bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed

nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Unknown error)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Unknown error)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Unknown error)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Unknown error)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Unknown error)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Unknown error)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Unknown error)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Unknown error)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Unknown error)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to [::]:80 failed (98: Unknown error)
nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()

端口被占用，检查占用端口的进程：

sudo lsof -i :80          # 使用 lsof
sudo ss -tuln | grep :80  # 使用 ss