Version and License

查看数据库和操作系统版本

--Querying SQL and Windows Version Info with T-SQL
SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS [SQLServerName]
, SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion') AS [SQLProductVersion]
, SERVERPROPERTY('ProductMajorVersion') AS [ProductMajorVersion]
, SERVERPROPERTY('ProductMinorVersion') AS [ProductMinorVersion]
, SERVERPROPERTY('ProductBuild') AS [ProductBuild]
, CASE LEFT(CONVERT(VARCHAR, SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion')),4) 
   WHEN '8.00' THEN 'SQL Server 2000'
   WHEN '9.00' THEN 'SQL Server 2005'
   WHEN '10.0' THEN 'SQL Server 2008'
   WHEN '10.5' THEN 'SQL Server 2008 R2'
   WHEN '11.0' THEN 'SQL Server 2012'
   WHEN '12.0' THEN 'SQL Server 2014'
   ELSE 'SQL Server 2016+'
  END AS [SQLVersionBuild]
, SERVERPROPERTY('ProductLevel') AS [SQLServicePack]
, SERVERPROPERTY('Edition') AS [SQLEdition]
, RIGHT(SUBSTRING(@@VERSION, CHARINDEX('Windows NT', @@VERSION), 14), 3) as [WindowsVersionNumber]
, CASE RIGHT(SUBSTRING(@@VERSION, CHARINDEX('Windows NT', @@VERSION), 14), 3)
   WHEN '5.0' THEN 'Windows 2000'
   WHEN '5.1' THEN 'Windows XP'
   WHEN '5.2' THEN 'Windows Server 2003/2003 R2'
   WHEN '6.0' THEN 'Windows Server 2008/Windows Vista'
   WHEN '6.1' THEN 'Windows Server 2008 R2/Windows 7'
   WHEN '6.2' THEN 'Windows Server 2012/Windows 8'
   ELSE 'Windows 2012 R2+'
  END AS [WindowsVersionBuild]

Version代码来自：Querying SQL and Windows Version Info with T-SQL   
License
1、最简单的可以使用SELECT @@VERSION

SELECT @@VERSION
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 (SP3) - 10.50.6000.34 (Intel X86)   Aug 19 2014 12:21:07   Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation  Enterprise Edition on Windows NT 6.1 <X86> (Build 7601: Service Pack 1)

这些信息也是在启动 SQL Server 实例时写入的第一条日志。
对于企业版，如果显示"Enterprise Edition: Core-based Licensing (64-bit)"表示是基于内核的授权；如果显示"Enterprise Edition (64-bit)"则表示是基本Server/CAL授权模式。
2、使用函数查看License

--函数查看License
SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('Edition') AS Edition,
       CASE SERVERPROPERTY('EditionID')  
            WHEN 1804890536 THEN 'Enterprise Edittion: CAL Licensing'  
            WHEN 1872460670 THEN 'Enterprise Edition: Core-based Licensing'  
            WHEN 610778273 THEN 'Enterprise Evaluation'  
            WHEN 284895786 THEN 'Business Intelligence'  
            WHEN -2117995310 THEN 'Developer'  
            WHEN -1592396055 THEN 'Express'  
            WHEN -133711905 THEN 'Express with Advanced Services'  
            WHEN -1534726760 THEN 'Standard'  
            WHEN 1293598313 THEN 'Web'  
            ELSE ''  
       END AS [Licensing Model]

基于CAL模式的License有20个Core的使用限制，如果你用的超线程，那么就是40 logical processors的限制
如果不是Core的License，只能有40个逻辑core能online，可以从sys.dm_os_schedulers查到(多少个VISIBLE ONLINE)。升级到core的license就ok了

进行如下操作即可：
1. cmd右键以管理员身份运行
2. 进入sql server的安装文件夹(包含setup.exe)，如我的就是：
C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\120\Setup Bootstrap\SQLServer2014
3. 输入下列命令即可(INSTANCENAME=后面接实例名，PID=后面接序列号)：

Setup.exe /q /ACTION=editionupgrade /INSTANCENAME=MSSQLSERVER /PID="TJYBJ-8YGH6-QK2JJ-M9DFB-D7M9D" /IACCEPTSQLSERVERLICENSETERMS

耐心等待，大约需要5分钟。执行完成，如果成功不会有提示。SQL Server 2016 Enterprise Core Edition：TBR8B-BXC4Y-298NV-PYTBY-G3BCP

扩展阅读：http://www.cnblogs.com/diabloxl/p/3623640.html