零、前言
之前写一些小工具的时候,需要用到数据存储方面的技术,但是用数据库又觉得太大了,本地文件存储txt文件存储又不是很规范,于是乎想到了去编写一个简单的基于本地文件系统的数据存储库,暂且叫它localdb吧,总之也是为了方便使用,特别是数据量不大,但是又特别想要本地数据存储的。(抛开access不说)
一、工具
工欲善其事必先利其器,存储数据必然要有一个标准的数据格式,首先让我想到的就是json,xml,原因不必多说。所以下面编写的数据主要以json作为存储格式。json操作用Newtonjson,操作方便简单。
二、文件系统的操作(LocalFileDB)
本地数据库,必不可少对本地文件进行操作,所以对本地文件的读取创建统一管理,话不多说,直接上代码。
首先添加自定义的异常:
/// <summary> /// 文件数据库异常 /// </summary> public class FileDatabaseException : Exception { public FileDatabaseException(string message) : base(message) { } public FileDatabaseException(string message, Exception innerException) : base(message, innerException) { } }
然后是具体操作文件的代码(这块有参考别人的,仅供学习使用,如有侵权,请联系我):
/// <summary> /// 文件数据库,这是一个抽象类。(之前做的拿来用的,也可以应用于xml,但已有linq to xml,所以这边暂时仅用于json) /// </summary> public abstract class FileDatabase<TEntity> { #region Fields /// <summary> /// 文件数据库操作锁 /// </summary> protected static readonly object operationLock = new object(); private static HashSet<char> invalidFileNameChars; static FileDatabase() { invalidFileNameChars = new HashSet<char>() { '\0', ' ', '.', '$', '/', '\\' }; foreach (var c in Path.GetInvalidPathChars()) { invalidFileNameChars.Add(c); } foreach (var c in Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars()) { invalidFileNameChars.Add(c); } } /// <summary> /// 文件数据库 /// </summary> /// <param name="directory">数据库文件所在目录</param> protected FileDatabase(string directory) { MyDirectory = directory; } public FileDatabase() { } #endregion #region Properties /// <summary> /// 数据库文件所在目录 /// </summary> public virtual string MyDirectory { get; protected set; } /// <summary> /// 文件扩展名 /// </summary> public virtual string FileExtension { get; set; } public virtual bool IsIndent { get; set; } #endregion #region Public Methods /// <summary> /// 保存文档 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity">文档类型</typeparam> /// <param name="id">文档ID</param> /// <param name="document">文档对象</param> /// <returns>文档ID</returns> public virtual string Save(string id, TEntity document) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(id)) throw new ArgumentNullException("id"); if (document == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("document"); Delete(id); try { string fileName = GenerateFileFullPath(id); string output = Serialize(document, IsIndent); lock (operationLock) { System.IO.FileInfo info = new System.IO.FileInfo(fileName); System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(info.Directory.FullName); System.IO.File.WriteAllText(fileName, output); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw new FileDatabaseException( string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "Save document failed with id [{0}].", id), ex); } return id; } /// <summary> /// 根据文档ID查找文档 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity">文档类型</typeparam> /// <param name="id">文档ID</param> /// <returns>文档对象</returns> public virtual TEntity FindOneById(string id) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(id)) throw new ArgumentNullException("id"); try { string fileName = GenerateFileFullPath(id); if (File.Exists(fileName)) { string fileData = File.ReadAllText(fileName); return Deserialize(fileData); } return default(TEntity); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new FileDatabaseException( string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "Find document by id [{0}] failed.", id), ex); } } /// <summary> /// 查找指定类型的所有文档 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity">文档类型</typeparam> /// <returns>文档对象序列</returns> public virtual IEnumerable<TEntity> FindAll() { try { List<TEntity> list = new List<TEntity>(); if (Directory.Exists(GenerateFilePath())) { string[] files = System.IO.Directory.GetFiles( GenerateFilePath(), "*." + FileExtension, SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly); foreach (string fileName in files) { string fileData = File.ReadAllText(fileName); TEntity document = Deserialize(fileData); if (document != null) { list.Add(document); } } } return list; } catch (Exception ex) { throw new FileDatabaseException( "Find all documents failed.", ex); } } /// <summary> /// 根据指定文档ID删除文档 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity">文档类型</typeparam> /// <param name="id">文档ID</param> public virtual void Delete(string id) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(id)) throw new ArgumentNullException("id"); try { string fileName = GenerateFileFullPath(id); if (File.Exists(fileName)) { lock (operationLock) { File.Delete(fileName); } } } catch (Exception ex) { throw new FileDatabaseException( string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "Delete document by id [{0}] failed.", id), ex); } } /// <summary> /// 删除所有指定类型的文档 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity">文档类型</typeparam> public virtual void DeleteAll() { try { if (Directory.Exists(GenerateFilePath())) { string[] files = System.IO.Directory.GetFiles( GenerateFilePath(), "*." + FileExtension, SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly); foreach (string fileName in files) { lock (operationLock) { File.Delete(fileName); } } } } catch (Exception ex) { throw new FileDatabaseException( "Delete all documents failed.", ex); } } /// <summary> /// 获取指定类型文档的数量 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity">文档类型</typeparam> /// <returns>文档的数量</returns> public virtual int Count() { try { if (Directory.Exists(GenerateFilePath())) { string[] files = System.IO.Directory.GetFiles( GenerateFilePath(), "*." + FileExtension, SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly); if (files != null) { return files.Length; } else { return 0; } } return 0; } catch (Exception ex) { throw new FileDatabaseException( "Count all documents failed.", ex); } } #endregion #region Protected Methods /// <summary> /// 生成文件全路径 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity">文档类型</typeparam> /// <param name="id">文档ID</param> /// <returns>文件路径</returns> protected virtual string GenerateFileFullPath(string id) { return Path.Combine(GenerateFilePath(), GenerateFileName(id)); } /// <summary> /// 生成文件路径 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity">文档类型</typeparam> /// <returns>文件路径</returns> protected virtual string GenerateFilePath() { return Path.Combine(this.MyDirectory, typeof(TEntity).Name); } /// <summary> /// 生成文件名 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity">文档类型</typeparam> /// <param name="id">文档ID</param> /// <returns>文件名</returns> protected virtual string GenerateFileName(string id) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(id)) throw new ArgumentNullException("id"); foreach (char c in id) { if (invalidFileNameChars.Contains(c)) { throw new FileDatabaseException( string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "The character '{0}' is not a valid file name identifier.", c)); } } return string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "{0}.{1}", id, FileExtension); } /// <summary> /// 将指定的文档对象序列化至字符串 /// </summary> /// <param name="value">指定的文档对象</param> /// <returns>文档对象序列化后的字符串</returns> protected abstract string Serialize(object value, bool isIndent = false); /// <summary> /// 将字符串反序列化成文档对象 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity">文档类型</typeparam> /// <param name="data">字符串</param> /// <returns>文档对象</returns> protected abstract TEntity Deserialize(string data); #endregion }
三、存储架构的设计
1、基础设施的构建
数据库采用的是类似仓储的设计,这样对数据的管理比较直观,并且易用。什么是仓储,园内有很多博客有阐述,在此就不赘述了。
首先,要先有实体基类:
/// <summary> /// 可持久到数据库的领域模型的基类。 /// </summary> [Serializable] public abstract class EntityBase { #region 构造函数 /// <summary> /// 数据实体基类 /// </summary> protected EntityBase() { } #endregion }
其次,要有仓储接口:
/// <summary> /// 数据基础操作规范 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity"></typeparam> public interface IRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : EntityBase { /// <summary> /// 添加实体并提交到数据服务器 /// </summary> /// <param name="item">需要添加数据项</param> /// <returns>受影响条数</returns> int Insert(TEntity item); /// <summary> /// 移除实体并提交到数据服务器 /// 如果表存在约束,需要先删除子表信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="item">需要删除的数据项</param> /// <returns>受影响条数</returns> int Delete(TEntity item); /// <summary> /// 修改实体并提交到数据服务器 /// </summary> /// <param name="item">需要修改的数据项</param> /// <returns>受影响条数</returns> int Update(TEntity item); /// <summary> /// 得到指定的实体集合(延时结果集) /// </summary> /// <returns>实体集合</returns> IQueryable<TEntity> GetModel(); /// <summary> /// 根据主键得到实体 /// </summary> /// <param name="id"></param> /// <returns></returns> TEntity Find(params object[] id); }
2、基于json仓储的实现
json实体基类:
/// <summary> /// Json实体基类 /// </summary> public abstract class JsonEntity : EntityBase { private string id = PublicHelper.GuidGenerator(); /// <summary> /// Json实体主键 /// </summary> public string RootID { get { return id; } set { id = value; } } }
json仓储接口:
/// <summary> /// Json仓储接口 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity"></typeparam> public interface IJsonRepository<TEntity> : IRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : JsonEntity { /// <summary> /// 是否缩进 /// </summary> bool IsIndent { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 按文件存储,直接删除所有文件 /// </summary> void DeleteAll(); int Count(); }
json仓储的具体实现:
/// <summary> /// json仓储 /// </summary> public class JsonRepository<TEntity> : FileDatabase<TEntity>, IJsonRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : JsonEntity,new() { string m_Directory = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory; public new bool IsIndent { get { return base.IsIndent; } set { base.IsIndent = value; } } public JsonRepository(string directory) :base(directory) { FileExtension = @"db"; this.m_Directory = directory; } public JsonRepository() { FileExtension = @"db"; MyDirectory = m_Directory; } public int Delete(TEntity item) { Delete(item.RootID); return 1; } public TEntity Find(params object[] id) { return FindOneById(id[0].ToString()); } public IQueryable<TEntity> GetModel() { return FindAll().AsQueryable(); } public int Insert(TEntity item) { Save(item.RootID, item); return 1; } public int Update(TEntity item) { Save(item.RootID, item); return 1; } protected override string Serialize(object value, bool isIndent = false) { return JsonHelper.Serialize(value, isIndent); } protected override TEntity Deserialize(string data) { return JsonHelper.Deserialize<TEntity>(data); } }
四、工具类
PublicHelper:
/// <summary> /// 公共辅助操作类 /// </summary> public static class PublicHelper { #region 公共方法 /// <summary> /// Guid生成器 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static string GuidGenerator() { return Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"); } #endregion }
JsonHelper:
public class JsonHelper { /// <summary> /// 序列化json /// </summary> /// <param name="value">对象</param> /// <param name="isIndented">是否缩进</param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Serialize(object value, bool isIndented) { if (value == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("value is null."); } return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(value, isIndented ? Formatting.Indented : Formatting.None); } /// <summary> /// 将字符反序列化成对象 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEntity">泛型对象</typeparam> /// <param name="data"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static TEntity Deserialize<TEntity>(string data) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(data)) { throw new ArgumentNullException("data is null or empty."); } return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<TEntity>(data); } }
五、运行测试
测试代码:
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { IJsonRepository<Student> jsonRepository = new JsonRepository<Student>(); jsonRepository.Insert(new Student() { SNo = 1, Name = "张三", Gender = "女", Age = 18, }); jsonRepository.Insert(new Student() { SNo = 2, Name = "李四", Gender = "女", Age = 18, }); jsonRepository.Insert(new Student() { SNo = 3, Name = "王二", Gender = "女", Age = 18, }); var entities = jsonRepository.GetModel(); foreach (var item in entities) { Console.WriteLine(item.ToString()); } Console.ReadKey(); } } public class Student:JsonEntity { /// <summary> /// 学号 /// </summary> public int SNo { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 名称 /// </summary> public string Name { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 性别 /// </summary> public string Gender { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 年龄 /// </summary> public int Age { get; set; } public override string ToString() { return string.Format("学号:{0};姓名:{1};性别:{2};年龄:{3}", this.SNo, this.Name, this.Gender, this.Age); } }
六、结语
整个本地文件系统数据就完成了,系统可以扩展为其它格式来进行数据存储,只需要扩展仓储就可以了,操作也是简便,性能上的话,本地数据库自然是比不上那些专用数据库的,但是满足日常肯定是没有任何问题的。代码比较完整,我就不上传代码了。
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