游戏编程入门之隐形的精灵

代码:

MyDirectX.h:

#pragma once
//header files
#define WIN32_EXTRA_LEAN
#define DIRECTINPUT_VERSION 0x0800
#include <windows.h>
#include <d3d9.h>
#include <d3dx9.h>
#include <dinput.h>
#include <xinput.h>
#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

//libraries
#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"user32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"gdi32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"dxguid.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"d3dx9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"dinput8.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"xinput.lib")

//program values
extern const string APPTITLE;
extern const int SCREENW;
extern const int SCREENH;
extern bool gameover;

//macro to detect key presses
#define KEY_DOWN(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0)

//Direct3D objects
extern LPDIRECT3D9 d3d;
extern LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev;
extern LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 backbuffer;
extern LPD3DXSPRITE spriteobj;

//Direct3D functions
bool Direct3D_Init(HWND hwnd, int width, int height, bool fullscreen);
void Direct3D_Shutdown();
LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 LoadSurface(string filename);
void DrawSurface(LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 dest, float x, float y, LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 source);
D3DXVECTOR2 GetBitmapSize(string filename);
LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 LoadTexture(string filename, D3DCOLOR transcolor = D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0));

//DirectInput objects, devices, and states
extern LPDIRECTINPUT8 dinput;
extern LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 dimouse;
extern LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 dikeyboard;
extern DIMOUSESTATE mouse_state;
extern XINPUT_GAMEPAD controllers[4];

//DirectInput functions
bool DirectInput_Init(HWND);
void DirectInput_Update();
void DirectInput_Shutdown();
bool Key_Down(int);
int Mouse_Button(int);
int Mouse_X();
int Mouse_Y();
void XInput_Vibrate(int contNum = 0, int amount = 65535);
bool XInput_Controller_Found();

//game functions
bool Game_Init(HWND window);
void Game_Run(HWND window);
void Game_End();

MyDirectX.cpp:

#include "MyDirectX.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//Direct3D variables
LPDIRECT3D9 d3d = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 backbuffer = NULL;
LPD3DXSPRITE spriteobj;

//DirectInput variables
LPDIRECTINPUT8 dinput = NULL;
LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 dimouse = NULL;
LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 dikeyboard = NULL;
DIMOUSESTATE mouse_state;
char keys[256];
XINPUT_GAMEPAD controllers[4];


bool Direct3D_Init(HWND window, int width, int height, bool fullscreen)
{
    //initialize Direct3D
    d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
    if (!d3d) return false;

    //set Direct3D presentation parameters
    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
    ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));
    d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = window;
    d3dpp.Windowed = (!fullscreen);
    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
    d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = 1;
    d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D24S8;
    d3dpp.Flags = D3DPRESENTFLAG_DISCARD_DEPTHSTENCIL;
    d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
    d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1;
    d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = width;
    d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = height;

    //create Direct3D device
    d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, window,
        D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &d3dpp, &d3ddev);
    if (!d3ddev) return false;


    //get a pointer to the back buffer surface
    d3ddev->GetBackBuffer(0, 0, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO, &backbuffer);

    //create sprite object
    D3DXCreateSprite(d3ddev, &spriteobj);

    return 1;
}

void Direct3D_Shutdown()
{
    if (spriteobj) spriteobj->Release();

    if (d3ddev) d3ddev->Release();
    if (d3d) d3d->Release();
}

void DrawSurface(LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 dest, float x, float y, LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 source)
{
    //get width/height from source surface
    D3DSURFACE_DESC desc;
    source->GetDesc(&desc);

    //create rects for drawing
    RECT source_rect = { 0, 0, (long)desc.Width, (long)desc.Height };
    RECT dest_rect = { (long)x, (long)y, (long)x + desc.Width, (long)y + desc.Height };

    //draw the source surface onto the dest
    d3ddev->StretchRect(source, &source_rect, dest, &dest_rect, D3DTEXF_NONE);

}

LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 LoadSurface(string filename)
{
    LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 image = NULL;

    //get width and height from bitmap file
    D3DXIMAGE_INFO info;
    HRESULT result = D3DXGetImageInfoFromFile(filename.c_str(), &info);
    if (result != D3D_OK)
        return NULL;

    //create surface
    result = d3ddev->CreateOffscreenPlainSurface(
        info.Width,         //width of the surface
        info.Height,        //height of the surface
        D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8,    //surface format
        D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,    //memory pool to use
        &image,             //pointer to the surface
        NULL);              //reserved (always NULL)

    if (result != D3D_OK) return NULL;

    //load surface from file into newly created surface
    result = D3DXLoadSurfaceFromFile(
        image,                  //destination surface
        NULL,                   //destination palette
        NULL,                   //destination rectangle
        filename.c_str(),       //source filename
        NULL,                   //source rectangle
        D3DX_DEFAULT,           //controls how image is filtered
        D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0),   //for transparency (0 for none)
        NULL);                  //source image info (usually NULL)

                                //make sure file was loaded okay
    if (result != D3D_OK) return NULL;

    return image;
}


D3DXVECTOR2 GetBitmapSize(string filename)
{
    D3DXIMAGE_INFO info;
    D3DXVECTOR2 size = D3DXVECTOR2(0.0f, 0.0f);

    HRESULT result = D3DXGetImageInfoFromFile(filename.c_str(), &info);

    if (result == D3D_OK)
        size = D3DXVECTOR2((float)info.Width, (float)info.Height);
    else
        size = D3DXVECTOR2((float)info.Width, (float)info.Height);

    return size;
}

LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 LoadTexture(std::string filename, D3DCOLOR transcolor)
{
    LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 texture = NULL;

    //get width and height from bitmap file
    D3DXIMAGE_INFO info;
    HRESULT result = D3DXGetImageInfoFromFile(filename.c_str(), &info);
    if (result != D3D_OK) return NULL;

    //create the new texture by loading a bitmap image file
    D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(
        d3ddev,                //Direct3D device object
        filename.c_str(),      //bitmap filename
        info.Width,            //bitmap image width
        info.Height,           //bitmap image height
        1,                     //mip-map levels (1 for no chain)
        D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,       //the type of surface (standard)
        D3DFMT_UNKNOWN,        //surface format (default)
        D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,       //memory class for the texture
        D3DX_DEFAULT,          //image filter
        D3DX_DEFAULT,          //mip filter
        transcolor,            //color key for transparency
        &info,                 //bitmap file info (from loaded file)
        NULL,                  //color palette
        &texture);            //destination texture

                              //make sure the bitmap textre was loaded correctly
    if (result != D3D_OK) return NULL;

    return texture;
}


bool DirectInput_Init(HWND hwnd)
{
    //initialize DirectInput object
    DirectInput8Create(
        GetModuleHandle(NULL),
        DIRECTINPUT_VERSION,
        IID_IDirectInput8,
        (void**)&dinput,
        NULL);

    //initialize the keyboard
    dinput->CreateDevice(GUID_SysKeyboard, &dikeyboard, NULL);
    dikeyboard->SetDataFormat(&c_dfDIKeyboard);
    dikeyboard->SetCooperativeLevel(hwnd, DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE | DISCL_FOREGROUND);
    dikeyboard->Acquire();

    //initialize the mouse
    dinput->CreateDevice(GUID_SysMouse, &dimouse, NULL);
    dimouse->SetDataFormat(&c_dfDIMouse);
    dimouse->SetCooperativeLevel(hwnd, DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE | DISCL_FOREGROUND);
    dimouse->Acquire();
    d3ddev->ShowCursor(false);

    return true;
}

void DirectInput_Update()
{
    //update mouse
    dimouse->Poll();
    if (!SUCCEEDED(dimouse->GetDeviceState(sizeof(DIMOUSESTATE), &mouse_state)))
    {
        //mouse device lose, try to re-acquire
        dimouse->Acquire();
    }

    //update keyboard
    dikeyboard->Poll();
    if (!SUCCEEDED(dikeyboard->GetDeviceState(256, (LPVOID)&keys)))
    {
        //keyboard device lost, try to re-acquire
        dikeyboard->Acquire();
    }

    //update controllers
    for (int i = 0; i< 4; i++)
    {
        ZeroMemory(&controllers[i], sizeof(XINPUT_STATE));

        //get the state of the controller
        XINPUT_STATE state;
        DWORD result = XInputGetState(i, &state);

        //store state in global controllers array
        if (result == 0) controllers[i] = state.Gamepad;
    }
}


int Mouse_X()
{
    return mouse_state.lX;
}

int Mouse_Y()
{
    return mouse_state.lY;
}

int Mouse_Button(int button)
{
    return mouse_state.rgbButtons[button] & 0x80;
}

bool Key_Down(int key)
{
    return (bool)(keys[key] & 0x80);
}


void DirectInput_Shutdown()
{
    if (dikeyboard)
    {
        dikeyboard->Unacquire();
        dikeyboard->Release();
        dikeyboard = NULL;
    }
    if (dimouse)
    {
        dimouse->Unacquire();
        dimouse->Release();
        dimouse = NULL;
    }
}

bool XInput_Controller_Found()
{
    XINPUT_CAPABILITIES caps;
    ZeroMemory(&caps, sizeof(XINPUT_CAPABILITIES));
    XInputGetCapabilities(0, XINPUT_FLAG_GAMEPAD, &caps);
    if (caps.Type != 0) return false;

    return true;
}

void XInput_Vibrate(int contNum, int amount)
{
    XINPUT_VIBRATION vibration;
    ZeroMemory(&vibration, sizeof(XINPUT_VIBRATION));
    vibration.wLeftMotorSpeed = amount;
    vibration.wRightMotorSpeed = amount;
    XInputSetState(contNum, &vibration);
}

MyGame.cpp:

#include "MyDirectX.h"

const string APPTITLE = "Transparent Sprite Demo";
const int SCREENW = 1024;
const int SCREENH = 768;

LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 image_colorkey = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 image_alpha = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 image_notrans = NULL;


bool Game_Init(HWND window)
{
    //initialize Direct3D
    if (!Direct3D_Init(window, SCREENW, SCREENH, false))
    {
        MessageBox(0, "Error initializing Direct3D", "ERROR", 0);
        return false;
    }

    //initialize DirectInput
    if (!DirectInput_Init(window))
    {
        MessageBox(0, "Error initializing DirectInput", "ERROR", 0);
        return false;
    }

    //load non-transparent image
    image_notrans = LoadTexture("shuttle_notrans.bmp");
    if (!image_notrans) return false;

    //load color-keyed transparent image
    image_colorkey = LoadTexture("shuttle_colorkey.bmp", D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 255));
    if (!image_colorkey) return false;

    //load alpha transparent image
    image_alpha = LoadTexture("shuttle_alpha.tga");
    if (!image_alpha) return false;


    //You can use this function to get the size of the image
    D3DXVECTOR2 size = GetBitmapSize("shuttle_alpha.tga");


    return true;
}

void Game_Run(HWND window)
{
    //make sure the Direct3D device is valid
    if (!d3ddev) return;

    //update input devices
    DirectInput_Update();

    //clear the scene
    d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 100), 1.0f, 0);

    //start rendering
    if (d3ddev->BeginScene())
    {
        //start drawing
        spriteobj->Begin(D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND);

        //draw the sprite
        D3DXVECTOR3 pos1(10, 10, 0);
        spriteobj->Draw(image_notrans, NULL, NULL, &pos1, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255));

        D3DXVECTOR3 pos2(350, 10, 0);
        spriteobj->Draw(image_colorkey, NULL, NULL, &pos2, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255));

        D3DXVECTOR3 pos3(700, 10, 0);
        spriteobj->Draw(image_alpha, NULL, NULL, &pos3, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255));

        //stop drawing
        spriteobj->End();

        //stop rendering
        d3ddev->EndScene();
        d3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    }

    //Escape key ends program
    if (KEY_DOWN(VK_ESCAPE)) gameover = true;

    //controller Back button also ends
    if (controllers[0].wButtons & XINPUT_GAMEPAD_BACK)
        gameover = true;
}

void Game_End()
{
    //free memory and shut down
    image_notrans->Release();
    image_colorkey->Release();
    image_alpha->Release();

    DirectInput_Shutdown();
    Direct3D_Shutdown();
}

MyWindows.cpp:

#include "MyDirectX.h"
using namespace std;
bool gameover = false;


LRESULT WINAPI WinProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (msg)
    {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        gameover = true;
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    //initialize window settings
    WNDCLASSEX wc;
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WinProc;
    wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.hIcon = NULL;
    wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName = APPTITLE.c_str();
    wc.hIconSm = NULL;
    RegisterClassEx(&wc);

    //create a new window
    HWND window = CreateWindow(APPTITLE.c_str(), APPTITLE.c_str(),
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        SCREENW, SCREENH, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
    if (window == 0) return 0;

    //display the window
    ShowWindow(window, nCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(window);

    //initialize the game
    if (!Game_Init(window)) return 0;

    // main message loop
    MSG message;
    while (!gameover)
    {
        if (PeekMessage(&message, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&message);
            DispatchMessage(&message);
        }

        //process game loop 
        Game_Run(window);
    }

    //shutdown
    Game_End();
    return message.wParam;
}

 

结果: