[Python]简单的外星人入侵游戏
alien_invasion.py:
1 import sys 2 3 import pygame 4 5 from setting import Settings 6 from ship import Ship 7 import game_function as gf 8 from pygame.sprite import Group 9 from alien import Alien 10 from game_stats import GameStats 11 from button import Button 12 from scoreboard import ScoreBoard 13 14 def run_game(): 15 # 初始化游戏并创建于一个屏幕对象 16 pygame.init() 17 ai_setting = Settings() 18 screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_setting.screen_width, ai_setting.screen_height)) 19 pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion") 20 21 # 创建一艘飞船、一个子弹编组和一个外星人编组 22 ship = Ship(ai_setting, screen) 23 bullets = Group() 24 aliens = Group() 25 26 # 创建外星人群 27 gf.create_fleet(ai_setting, screen, ship, aliens) 28 stats = GameStats(ai_setting) 29 # 创建存储游戏统计信息的实例，并创建及分牌 30 sb = ScoreBoard(ai_setting, screen, stats) 31 # 创建Play按钮 32 play_button = Button(ai_setting, screen, "Play") 33 34 # 开始游戏的主循环 35 while True: 36 gf.check_events(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets) 37 if stats.game_active: 38 ship.update() 39 gf.update_bullets(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) 40 gf.update_aliens(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) 41 42 gf.update_screen(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button) 43 44 run_game()
game_stats.py:
1 class GameStats(): 2 """跟踪游戏的统计信息""" 3 4 def __init__(self, ai_setting): 5 """初始化统计信息""" 6 self.ai_setting = ai_setting 7 self.reset_stats() 8 self.game_active = False 9 # 在任何情况下都不应该充值最高得分 10 self.high_score = 0 11 12 def reset_stats(self): 13 """初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息""" 14 self.ship_left = self.ai_setting.ship_limit 15 self.score = 0 16 self.level = 1
scoreboard.py:
1 import pygame.font 2 from pygame.sprite import Group 3 from ship import Ship 4 5 class ScoreBoard(): 6 """现实得分信息的类""" 7 8 def __init__(self, ai_setting, screen, stats): 9 """初始化现实得分涉及的属性""" 10 self.screen = screen 11 self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() 12 self.ai_setting = ai_setting 13 self.stats =stats 14 15 # 显示得分信息时使用的设置 16 self.text_color = (30, 30, 30) 17 self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48) 18 19 # 准备包含最高得分和当前得分的图像 20 self.prep_score() 21 self.prep_high_score() 22 self.prep_level() 23 self.prep_ships() 24 25 def prep_ships(self): 26 """显示还有下多少艘飞船""" 27 self.ships = Group() 28 for ship_number in range(self.stats.ship_left): 29 ship = Ship(self.ai_setting, self.screen) 30 ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width 31 ship.rect.y = 10 32 self.ships.add(ship) 33 34 def prep_score(self): 35 """将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像""" 36 rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score, -1)) 37 score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score) 38 self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_setting.bg_color) 39 40 # 将得分放在屏幕右上角 41 self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect() 42 self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20 43 self.score_rect.top = 20 44 45 def show_score(self): 46 """在屏幕上显示得分""" 47 self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect) 48 self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect) 49 self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect) 50 # 绘制飞船 51 self.ships.draw(self.screen) 52 53 def prep_high_score(self): 54 """将最高得分转化为渲染的图像""" 55 high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score, -1)) 56 high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score) 57 self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_setting.bg_color) 58 59 #将最高分放在屏幕顶部中央 60 self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect() 61 self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx 62 self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top 63 64 def prep_level(self): 65 """降等级转化为渲染的图像""" 66 self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level), True, self.text_color, self.ai_setting.bg_color) 67 68 # 降等级放在得分下方 69 self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect() 70 self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right 71 self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10
button.py:
1 import pygame.font 2 3 class Button(): 4 def __init__(self, ai_setting, screen, msg): 5 """初始化按钮的属性""" 6 self.screen = screen 7 self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() 8 9 # 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性 10 self.width = 200 11 self.height = 50 12 self.button_color = (0, 255, 0) 13 self.text_color = (255, 255, 255) 14 self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48) 15 16 # 创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中 17 self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height) 18 self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center 19 20 # 按钮的标签只需创建一次 21 self.prep_msg(msg) 22 23 def prep_msg(self, msg): 24 """将msg渲染为图像并使其在按钮上居中""" 25 self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color, self.button_color) 26 self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect() 27 self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center 28 29 def draw_button(self): 30 # 绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，在绘制文本 31 self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect) 32 self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)
game_function.py:
1 import sys 2 3 import pygame 4 from bullet import Bullet 5 from alien import Alien 6 from time import sleep 7 8 def check_events(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets): 9 """响应按键和鼠标事件""" 10 for event in pygame.event.get(): 11 if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 12 sys.exit() 13 14 elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: 15 if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 16 # 向右移动飞船 17 ship.moving_right = True 18 elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 19 ship.moving_left = True 20 elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: 21 # 创建一颗子弹，并将其加入到编组bullets中 22 if len(bullets) < ai_setting.bullets_allowed: 23 new_bullet = Bullet(ai_setting, screen, ship) 24 bullets.add(new_bullet) 25 elif event.key == pygame.K_q: 26 sys.exit() 27 elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: 28 mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos() 29 check_play_button(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y) 30 31 elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP: 32 if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 33 ship.moving_right = False 34 elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 35 ship.moving_left = False 36 37 def check_play_button(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y): 38 """玩家单击Play按钮时开始新游戏""" 39 button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y) 40 if button_clicked and not stats.game_active: 41 #重置游戏设置 42 ai_setting.initialize_dynamic_settings() 43 44 # 隐藏光标 45 pygame.mouse.set_visible(False) 46 # 重置游戏信息 47 stats.reset_stats() 48 stats.game_active = True 49 50 # 重置记分牌图像 51 sb.prep_score() 52 sb.prep_high_score() 53 sb.prep_level() 54 sb.prep_ships() 55 56 # 清空外星人列表和子弹列表 57 aliens.empty() 58 bullets.empty() 59 60 # 创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中 61 create_fleet(ai_setting, screen, ship, aliens) 62 ship.center_ship() 63 64 def update_screen(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, ship,alien, bullets, play_button): 65 """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕""" 66 # 每次循环时都重绘屏幕 67 screen.fill(ai_setting.bg_color) 68 # 在飞船和外星人后面重绘所有子弹 69 for bullet in bullets.sprites(): 70 bullet.draw_bullet() 71 ship.blitme() 72 alien.draw(screen) 73 # 显示得分 74 sb.show_score() 75 76 # 如果游戏处于非活动状态，绘制Play按钮 77 if not stats.game_active: 78 play_button.draw_button() 79 80 # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见 81 pygame.display.flip() 82 83 def update_bullets(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): 84 """更新子弹位置，并删除已消失的子弹""" 85 # 删除子弹的位置 86 bullets.update() 87 # 删除已消失的子弹 88 for bullet in bullets.copy(): 89 if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0: 90 bullets.remove(bullet) 91 check_bullet_alien_colisions(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) 92 93 def check_high_score(stats, sb): 94 """检查是否诞生了新的最高得分""" 95 if stats.score > stats.high_score: 96 stats.high_score = stats.score 97 sb.prep_high_score() 98 99 def check_bullet_alien_colisions(ai_setting, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): 100 """响应是否有子弹击中了外星人""" 101 # 如果是这样，就删除相应的子弹和外星人 102 collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True) 103 104 if collisions: 105 for aliens in collisions.values(): 106 stats.score += ai_setting.alien_points * len(aliens) 107 sb.prep_score() 108 check_high_score(stats, sb) 109 110 if len(aliens) == 0: 111 # 删除现在的子弹,加快游戏节奏，并新建一群外星人 112 bullets.empty() 113 ai_setting.increase_speed() 114 115 # 提高一个等级 116 stats.level += 1 117 sb.prep_level() 118 119 create_fleet(ai_setting, screen, ship, aliens) 120 121 122 def get_number_alien_x(ai_setting, alien_width): 123 """计算每行可容纳多少个个外星人""" 124 available_space_x = ai_setting.screen_width - 2 * alien_width 125 number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width)) 126 return number_aliens_x 127 128 def create_alien(ai_setting, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number): 129 # 创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行 130 alien = Alien(ai_setting, screen) 131 alien_width = alien.rect.width 132 alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number 133 alien.rect.x = alien.x 134 alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number 135 aliens.add(alien) 136 137 def create_fleet(ai_setting, screen, ship, aliens): 138 """创建外星人群""" 139 # 创建一个外星人，并计算一行可容纳多少个外星人 140 # 外星人间距为外星人宽度 141 alien = Alien(ai_setting, screen) 142 number_aliens_x = get_number_alien_x(ai_setting, alien.rect.width) 143 number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_setting, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height) 144 145 # 创建第一行外星人 146 for row_number in range(number_rows): 147 for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x): 148 create_alien(ai_setting, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number) 149 150 151 def get_number_rows(ai_setting, ship_height, alien_height): 152 """计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人""" 153 available_space_y = (ai_setting.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height) 154 number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height)) 155 return number_rows 156 157 def check_fleet_edges(ai_setting, aliens): 158 """有外星人到达边缘时采取相应的措施""" 159 for alien in aliens.sprites(): 160 if alien.check_edges(): 161 change_fleet_direction(ai_setting, aliens) 162 break 163 164 def change_fleet_direction(ai_setting, aliens): 165 """将整群外星人下移""" 166 for alien in aliens.sprites(): 167 alien.rect.y += ai_setting.fleet_drop_speed 168 ai_setting.fleet_direction *= -1 169 170 def update_aliens(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): 171 check_fleet_edges(ai_setting, aliens) 172 aliens.update() 173 174 # 检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞 175 if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens): 176 ship_hit(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) 177 # 检查是否有外星人大大屏幕底端 178 check_aliens_bottom(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) 179 180 def ship_hit(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): 181 """响应被外星人撞到的飞船""" 182 if stats.ship_left > 0: 183 # 将ship_left减1 184 stats.ship_left -= 1 185 186 # 更新记分牌 187 sb.prep_ships() 188 189 #清空外星人列表和子弹列表 190 aliens.empty() 191 bullets.empty() 192 193 # 创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕低端中央 194 create_fleet(ai_setting, screen, ship, aliens) 195 ship.center_ship() 196 197 # 暂停 198 sleep(0.5) 199 else: 200 stats.game_active = False 201 202 def check_aliens_bottom(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): 203 """检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端""" 204 screen_rect = screen.get_rect() 205 for alien in aliens.sprites(): 206 if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom: 207 # 像飞船被撞到一样进行处理 208 ship_hit(ai_setting, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) 209 break
alien.py:
1 import pygame 2 from pygame.sprite import Sprite 3 4 class Alien(Sprite): 5 """表示单个外星人的类""" 6 7 def __init__(self, ai_setting, screen): 8 """初始化外星人并设置其起始位置""" 9 super(Alien, self).__init__() 10 self.screen = screen 11 self.ai_setting = ai_setting 12 13 # 加载外星人图像，并设计其rect属性 14 self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp') 15 self.rect = self.image.get_rect() 16 17 # 每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近 18 self.rect.x = self.rect.width 19 self.rect.y = self.rect.height 20 21 # 存储外星人的准确位置 22 self.x = float(self.rect.x) 23 24 def blitme(self): 25 """在指定位置绘制外星人""" 26 self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect) 27 28 def check_edges(self): 29 """如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回True""" 30 screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect() 31 if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right: 32 return True 33 elif self.rect.left <= 0: 34 return True 35 36 def update(self): 37 """向右移动外星人""" 38 self.x += (self.ai_setting.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_setting.fleet_direction) 39 self.rect.x = self.x
setting.py:
1 class Settings(): 2 """存储《外星人入侵》的所有设置的类""" 3 4 def __init__(self): 5 """初始化游戏的设置""" 6 # 屏幕设置 7 self.screen_width = 900 8 self.screen_height = 600 9 self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230) 10 # 飞船的设置 11 self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5 12 # 子弹设置 13 self.bullet_speed_factor = 3 14 self.bullet_width = 3 15 self.bullet_height = 15 16 self.bullet_color = 60, 60, 60 17 self.bullets_allowed = 3 18 self.alien_speed_factor = 1 19 self.fleet_drop_speed = 10 20 self.fleet_direction = 1 21 self.ship_limit = 3 22 # 以什么样的速度加快游戏的节奏 23 self.speedup_scale = 1.1 24 #外星人点数的提高速度 25 self.score_scale = 1.5 26 27 self.initialize_dynamic_settings() 28 29 def initialize_dynamic_settings(self): 30 """初始化随游戏进行而变化的位置""" 31 self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5 32 self.bullet_speed_factor = 3 33 self.alien_speed_factor = 1 34 35 # fleet_direction为1表示向右；为-1表示向左 36 self.fleet_direction =1 37 # 记分 38 self.alien_points = 50 39 40 def increase_speed(self): 41 """提高速度设置""" 42 self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale 43 self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale 44 self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale 45 self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)
bullet.py:
1 import pygame 2 from pygame.sprite import Sprite 3 4 class Bullet(Sprite): 5 """一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类""" 6 def __init__(self, ai_setting, screen, ship): 7 """在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象""" 8 super(Bullet, self).__init__() 9 self.screen = screen 10 11 # 在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，在设置正确的位置 12 self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_setting.bullet_width, ai_setting.bullet_height) 13 self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx 14 self.rect.top = ship.rect.top 15 16 # 存储用小数表示的子弹位置 17 self.y = float(self.rect.y) 18 19 self.color = ai_setting.bullet_color 20 self.speed_factor = ai_setting.bullet_speed_factor 21 22 def update(self): 23 """向上移动子弹""" 24 # 更新表示子弹位置的小数值 25 self.y -= self.speed_factor 26 # 更新表示子弹的rect的位置 27 self.rect.y = self.y 28 29 def draw_bullet(self): 30 pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)
ship.py:
1 import pygame 2 from pygame.sprite import Sprite 3 4 class Ship(Sprite): 5 6 def __init__(self, ai_setting, screen): 7 """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置""" 8 super(Ship, self).__init__() 9 self.screen = screen 10 self.ai_setting = ai_setting 11 12 """加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩阵""" 13 self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp') 14 self.rect = self.image.get_rect() 15 self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() 16 17 # 将每艘新飞船放在屏幕底部中央 18 self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx 19 self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom 20 21 # 在飞船的属性center中存储小数值 22 self.center = float(self.rect.centerx) 23 24 # 移动标志 25 self.moving_right = False 26 self.moving_left = False 27 28 def update(self): 29 """根据移动标志调增飞船的位置""" 30 if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right: 31 self.center += self.ai_setting.ship_speed_factor 32 if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0: 33 self.center -= self.ai_setting.ship_speed_factor 34 35 """根据self.center调整飞船的位置""" 36 self.rect.centerx = self.center 37 38 def blitme(self): 39 """在指定为这绘制飞船""" 40 self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect) 41 42 def center_ship(self): 43 self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx
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