ElasticSearch mapping+精确匹配与全文搜索+倒排索引+分词器的内部组成
一.初识mapping
（1）往es里面直接插入数据，es会自动建立索引，同时建立type以及对应的mapping
（2）mapping中就自动定义了每个field的数据类型
（3）不同的数据类型（比如说text和date），可能有的是exact value，有的是full text
（4）exact value，在建立倒排索引的时候，分词的时候，是将整个值一起作为一个关键词建立到倒排索引中的；full text，会经历各种各样的处理，分词，normaliztion（时态转换，同义词转换，大小写转换），才会建立到倒排索引中
（5）同时呢，exact value和full text类型的field就决定了，在一个搜索过来的时候，对exact value field或者是full text field进行搜索的行为也是不一样的，会跟建立倒排索引的行为保持一致；比如说exact value搜索的时候，就是直接按照整个值进行匹配，full text query string，也会进行分词和normalization再去倒排索引中去搜索
（6）可以用es的dynamic mapping，让其自动建立mapping，包括自动设置数据类型；也可以提前手动创建index和type的mapping，自己对各个field进行设置，包括数据类型，包括索引行为，包括分词器，等等
mapping，就是index的type的元数据，每个type都有一个自己的mapping，决定了数据类型，建立倒排索引的行为，还有进行搜索的行为
二.mapping的核心数据类型以及dynamic mapping
1、核心的数据类型
string
byte，short，integer，long
float，double
boolean
date
2、dynamic mapping
true or false --> boolean
123 --> long
123.45 --> double
2017-01-01 --> date
"hello world" --> string/text
3、查看mapping
GET /index/_mapping/type
三.手动建立和修改mapping以及定制string类型数据是否分词
1、如何建立索引
analyzed
not_analyzed
no
2、修改mapping
只能创建index时手动建立mapping，或者新增field mapping，但是不能update field mapping
PUT /website
{
"mappings": {
"article": {
"properties": {
"author_id": {
"type": "long"
},
"title": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "english"
},
"content": {
"type": "text"
},
"post_date": {
"type": "date"
},
"publisher_id": {
"type": "text",
"index": "not_analyzed"
}
}
}
}
}
PUT /website
{
"mappings": {
"article": {
"properties": {
"author_id": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
}
}
{
"error": {
"root_cause": [
{
"type": "index_already_exists_exception",
"reason": "index [website/co1dgJ-uTYGBEEOOL8GsQQ] already exists",
"index_uuid": "co1dgJ-uTYGBEEOOL8GsQQ",
"index": "website"
}
],
"type": "index_already_exists_exception",
"reason": "index [website/co1dgJ-uTYGBEEOOL8GsQQ] already exists",
"index_uuid": "co1dgJ-uTYGBEEOOL8GsQQ",
"index": "website"
},
"status": 400
}
PUT /website/_mapping/article
{
"properties" : {
"new_field" : {
"type" : "string",
"index": "not_analyzed"
}
}
}
3、测试mapping
GET /website/_analyze
{
"field": "content",
"text": "my-dogs"
}
GET website/_analyze
{
"field": "new_field",
"text": "my dogs"
}
{
"error": {
"root_cause": [
{
"type": "remote_transport_exception",
"reason": "[4onsTYV][127.0.0.1:9300][indices:admin/analyze[s]]"
}
],
"type": "illegal_argument_exception",
"reason": "Can't process field [new_field], Analysis requests are only supported on tokenized fields"
},
"status": 400
}
四.mapping复杂数据类型以及object类型数据底层结构
1、multivalue field
{ "tags": [ "tag1", "tag2" ]}
建立索引时与string是一样的，数据类型不能混
2、empty field
null，[]，[null]
3、object field
PUT /company/employee/1
{
"address": {
"country": "china",
"province": "guangdong",
"city": "guangzhou"
},
"name": "jack",
"age": 27,
"join_date": "2017-01-01"
}
address：object类型
{
"company": {
"mappings": {
"employee": {
"properties": {
"address": {
"properties": {
"city": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
},
"country": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
},
"province": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
}
}
},
"age": {
"type": "long"
},
"join_date": {
"type": "date"
},
"name": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
{
"address": {
"country": "china",
"province": "guangdong",
"city": "guangzhou"
},
"name": "jack",
"age": 27,
"join_date": "2017-01-01"
}
{
"name": [jack],
"age": [27],
"join_date": [2017-01-01],
"address.country": [china],
"address.province": [guangdong],
"address.city": [guangzhou]
}
{
"authors": [
{ "age": 26, "name": "Jack White"},
{ "age": 55, "name": "Tom Jones"},
{ "age": 39, "name": "Kitty Smith"}
]
}
{
"authors.age": [26, 55, 39],
"authors.name": [jack, white, tom, jones, kitty, smith]
}
