keepalived实现nginx负载均衡机高可用
keepalived实现nginx负载均衡机高可用
环境说明：
| 系统 | 主机名 | IP | 服务 |
|---|---|---|---|
| centos8 | master | 192.168.111.141 | nginx keepalived |
| centos8 | backup | 192.168.111.142 | nginx keepalived |
| centos8 | apache | 192.168.111.143 | httpd |
| centos8 | nginx | 192.168.111.144 | nginx |
配置web界面
apache
//修改名字
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname apache
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@apache ~]#
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@apache ~]# setenforce 0
[root@apache ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@apache ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@apache ~]# reboot
//配置yum源
[root@apache ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@apache ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
//安装apache,主页内容为apache
[root@apache ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@apache ~]# echo "apache" > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@apache ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
[root@apache ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@apache ~]# curl 192.168.111.143
apache
nginx
//修改名字
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname nginx
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@nginx ~]#
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@nginx ~]# setenforce 0
[root@nginx ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@nginx ~]# reboot
//配置yum源
[root@nginx ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
//安装nginx,主页内容为nginx
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@nginx ~]# echo "nginx" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
[root@nginx ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@nginx ~]# curl 192.168.111.144
nginx
配置nginx负载均衡
master
//修改名字
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@master ~]#
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
[root@master ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@master ~]# reboot
//配置yum源
[root@master ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@master ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
//创建用户
[root@master ~]# useradd -rMs /sbin/nologin nginx
//安装依赖包
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ make wget vim
//编译安装nginx
[root@backup ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# tar xf nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# cd nginx-1.22.0
[root@master nginx-1.22.0]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-debug \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module
[root@master nginx-1.22.0]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install
//配置环境变量
[root@master ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin" > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@master ~]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
//配置system启动服务
[root@master ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx server daemon
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP \$MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
//启动nginx
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
[root@master ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//修改配置文件,配置负载均衡
[root@master ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
upstream web { //http字段内
server 192.168.111.143;
server 192.168.111.144;
}
.........
location / { //修改配置文件
root html;
proxy_pass http://web;
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart nginx
//查看负载均衡效果
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.141
apache
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.141
nginx
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.141
apache
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.141
nginx
backup
//修改名字
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname backup
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@backup ~]#
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@backup ~]# setenforce 0
[root@backup ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@backup ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@backup ~]# reboot
//配置yum源
[root@backup ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@backup ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
//创建用户
[root@backup ~]# useradd -rMs /sbin/nologin nginx
//安装依赖包
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ make wget vim
//编译安装nginx
[root@backup ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz
[root@backup ~]# tar xf nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz
[root@backup ~]# cd nginx-1.22.0
[root@backup nginx-1.22.0]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-debug \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module
[root@backup nginx-1.22.0]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install
//配置环境变量
[root@backup ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin" > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@backup ~]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
//配置system启动服务
[root@backup ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx server daemon
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP \$MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@backup ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
//启动nginx
[root@backup ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
[root@backup ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//修改配置文件,配置负载均衡
[root@backup ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
upstream web { //http字段内
server 192.168.111.143;
server 192.168.111.144;
}
.........
location / { //修改配置文件
root html;
proxy_pass http://web;
}
[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart nginx
//查看负载均衡效果
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.142
apache
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.142
nginx
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.142
apache
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.142
nginx
配置keepalived高可用
master
//首先安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived
//编辑配置文件，并启动服务
[root@master ~]# mv /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf{,.bak}
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.111.250
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.111.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.111.141 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.111.142 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
//通过虚拟IP访问
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:34:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.111.141/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 1500sec preferred_lft 1500sec
inet 192.168.111.250/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:3472/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//通过虚拟ip访问
//一定要把backup端的nginx服务关掉才能访问，
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.250
apache
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.250
nginx
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.250
apache
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.250
nginx
backup
//首先安装keepalived
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install keepalived
//编辑配置文件，并启动服务
[root@backup ~]# mv /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf{,.back}
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.111.250
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.111.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.111.141 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.111.142 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@backup ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
编写脚本
master
[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
master)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl start nginx
fi
;;
backup)
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
systemctl stop nginx
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
;;
esac
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_haproxy.sh notify.sh
backup
[root@backup ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# scp root@192.168.111.141:/scripts/notify.sh .
配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置
master
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_script nginx_check { //添加
script "/scripts/check_nginx.sh"
interval 1
weight -20
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.111.250
}
track_script { //添加
haproxy_check
}
notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.111.250"
}
virtual_server 192.168.111.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.111.141 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.111.142 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@master scripts]# systemctl restart keepalived
backup
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.111.250
}
notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.111.250" //添加
notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.111.250"
}
virtual_server 192.168.111.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.111.141 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.111.142 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
测试
模拟nginx服务故障
//master端
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.250
apache
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.111.250
nginx
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:34:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.111.141/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 1601sec preferred_lft 1601sec
inet 192.168.111.250/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:3472/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:34:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.111.141/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 1591sec preferred_lft 1591sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:3472/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//backup端
[root@backup ~]# systemctl start nginx //前面把服务关了这里启动一下
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:07:42:65 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.111.142/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 947sec preferred_lft 947sec
inet 192.168.111.250/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe07:4265/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.250
apache
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.250
nginx
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.250
apache
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.111.250
nginx
启动master端的nginx服务
//master端
[root@master scripts]# systemctl start nginx
[root@master scripts]# systemctl restart keepalived
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:50:34:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.111.141/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 1223sec preferred_lft 1223sec
inet 192.168.111.250/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:3472/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//backup端
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:07:42:65 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.111.142/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 1632sec preferred_lft 1632sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe07:4265/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
