耿建超英语语法---非谓语动词作主语
1 什么是非谓语动词
注:
(1)从句是完成的句子,非谓语动词不是完整的句子。
(2)动名词doing 强调的是名词,分词doing 强调的是动作。
(3)其余的7种为“主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语,状语,同位语”,但是并不是说非谓语的三种形式都可以作7种句子成分,具体如下:
2 非谓语动词作主语
不定式与动名词作主语的区别:
2.1 不定式作主语(有头重脚轻的现象)
举例:
(1)坐公车去学校会花我们一个小时。
- to go to school by bus will take us one hour.
- it will take us one hour to go to school by bus
可能有人会问,为什么不用主语从句呢,因为中文的句子是“坐公车去学校”而不是“我们坐公车去学校”,句子不完整,所以用的非谓语动词,当然,有时候就算有主语,句子完整,也可以用非谓语动词的形式,具体的见动名词作主语。(动名词前边加形容词性物主代词)
(2)去见他让我很激动。
- to see him excited me.
- it is excited me to see him.
(3)学好英语需要耐心。
- to learn english well needs patience.
- it needs patience to learn english well.
(4)帮助需要帮助的人是我们的职责。
- to help those who need help is our duty.
- it is our duty to help those who need help .
(5)十点之前完成作业对我来说很容易。
- to finish homework by ten o'clock is easy for me.
- it is is easy for me to finish homework by ten o'clock.
(6)他真笨问这个问题。
- to ask this question is stupid of him. (这种表达太不常见了,记住这个句型就好“it is adj of sb to do sth”,其中of sb 指某人的特质)
- it is stupid of him to ask this question.
2.2 动名词作主语(一般没有头重脚轻的现象)
举例:
(1)学习能改变你的未来---studying can change your future.
(2)学英语没有那么难---learning english is not so diffcult.
(3)他整晚的工作导致了他感冒了。
- that he worked for the whole night caused him a cold.
- his working for the whole night caused him a cold.(句子完整,用非谓语动词的形式)
(4)这个时候抱怨没有用---it is no use complaining.
注:第四条是动名词做主语的特殊用法,除了“no use”,还有下边常见的几个词: