c# WebApi创建及客户端调用

前段时间学习WebApi的创建与调用，网上的信息千奇百怪（知识有限，看不懂啊），通过查阅资料及借鉴博友实例分析后总结一下，总结一套简单完整的WebApi创建及实例

首先创建一个WebApi服务（流程就不写了，网上的介绍多的像牛虱一样），但是该配置的要配置好哦

1.服务端

首先创建一个Control类，我这里命名为UserInfoController，逻辑代码可以在里面放飞吧。

下面举例说明

我们自定义一个路由方法（url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}"这个定义了我们url的规则，{controller}/{action}定义了路由的必须参数，{id}是可选参数）

public class RouteConfig
    {
        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "",
                url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }

这里我在WebApi方法里创建了两种Method   (POST ,GET)

 public class UserInfoController : ApiController
    {

        /// <summary>
        /// //如果是GET方式时，调用的接口就是 http://localhost:61668/ActionApi/UserInfo/GetString
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [HttpPost]
        public string GetString([FromBody]student info)
        {
            return "Name:" + info.name   +"year:"+info.year;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        /// <summary>
        /// 如果是GET方式时，调用的接口就是 http://localhost:61668/ActionApi/UserInfo/User?UserName=张三
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="UserName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        //[HttpPost]

        public List<string> User(string UserName)
        {
            List<string> s = new List<string>();
            s.Add(UserName + "1");
            s.Add(UserName + "2");
            s.Add(UserName + "3");
            return s;

        }
    }

2.客户端调用
2.1 WebRequest方式调用

  public static string WebRequest_post(string url, string body)
        {
            //定义request并设置request的路径
            WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url);
            request.Method = "post";
            //初始化request参数
            //设置参数的编码格式，解决中文乱码
            byte[] byteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body);
            //设置request的MIME类型及内容长度
            request.ContentType = "application/json; charset=UTF-8";
            request.ContentLength = byteArray.Length;
            //打开request字符流
            Stream dataStream = request.GetRequestStream();
            dataStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length);
            dataStream.Close();  
            //定义response为前面的request响应
            WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
            //定义response字符流
            dataStream = response.GetResponseStream();
            StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(dataStream);
             return  reader.ReadToEnd();//读取所有
        }
     
        public static string WebRequest_Get(string UNIT_NO)
        {
          
            Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
            string url = "http://localhost:61668/ActionApi/UserInfo/User?UserName={0}";
            url = string.Format(url, UNIT_NO);
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
            request.Method = "GET";
            request.Accept = "text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*";
            request.ContentType = "application/json";
            HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
            using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8))
            {
                return reader.ReadToEnd();
            }
        }

2.2 Htpclient

 public  static async void  httpclient_post()
        {
            string url = "http://localhost:61668/ActionApi/UserInfo/GetString/";
            //设置HttpClientHandler的AutomaticDecompression
            var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip };
            //创建HttpClient（注意传入HttpClientHandler）
            using (var http = new HttpClient(handler))
            {
                //使用FormUrlEncodedContent做HttpContent
                var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string, string>()
                {    {"name","6"},
                     {"year","4"},
                   
                 });
                //await异步等待回应
                var response = await http.PostAsync(url, content);
                //确保HTTP成功状态值
                response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
                //await异步读取最后的JSON（注意此时gzip已经被自动解压缩了，因为上面的AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip）         
                string s= await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

            }
        }

        public static async void httpclient_Get(string url,string UNIT_NO)
        {
            url = string.Format(url, UNIT_NO);
            //设置HttpClientHandler的AutomaticDecompression
            var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip };
            //创建HttpClient（注意传入HttpClientHandler）
            using (var http = new HttpClient(handler))
            {
                //使用FormUrlEncodedContent做HttpContent
                //await异步等待回应
                var response = await http.GetAsync(url);
                //确保HTTP成功状态值
                response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
                //await异步读取最后的JSON（注意此时gzip已经被自动解压缩了，因为上面的AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip）         
                string s = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
            }
        }

3.函数调用

            MessageBox.Show(API.WebRequest_Get("张三"));
             MessageBox.Show(API.WebRequest_post("http://localhost:61668/ActionApi/UserInfo/GetString/", "{name:\"张三\",year:\"25\"}"));
            API.httpclient_post();

            API.httpclient_Get();
            这几种方式亲测可用