Tomcat笔记2(启动脚本startup.bat分析)
Tomcat(7.0)的bin目录下包含startup.bat和catalina.bat，启动执行startup.bat之后，会在其中call catalina.bat执行。
starup.bat:
代码
rem 之前的声明省略
rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not dfafda
set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
cd ..
set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
:gotHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
goto end
:okHome
set "EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat"
rem Check that target executable exists
rem 定义执行目标文件赋值给变量EXECUTABLE
if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec
echo Cannot find "%EXECUTABLE%"
echo This file is needed to run this program
goto end
:okExec
rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
rem 参数验证及格式转换
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs
:doneSetArgs
rem 之前都是变量验证，格式检查，参数验证等预处理
rem 这一步才是核心
call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS%
:end
之后调用catalian.bat文件，传入参数start，如果startup中包含参数也一并传入给catalina
代码
rem 验证系统版本Windwos_NT
rem Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Home Server, rem Windows Server 2008 and Windows 7 are based on Windows NT, although they are not branded as Windows NT.
if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal
rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
rem
rem Environment Variable Prequisites
rem
rem CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
rem
rem CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
rem of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to
rem the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
rem
rem CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
rem or "run" command is executed.
rem
rem CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
rem the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to
rem %CATALINA_BASE%\temp.
rem
rem JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
rem Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
rem
rem JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
rem Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty.
rem
rem JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
rem "stop", or "run" command is executed.
rem
rem JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories
rem containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
rem created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
rem It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
rem Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
rem
rem JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
rem
rem JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. The default is 8000.
rem
rem JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
rem execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
rem
rem JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
rem and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
rem options MUST be specified. The default is:
rem
rem -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,
rem address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
rem
rem LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
rem Example (all one line)
rem set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
rem
rem LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
rem Example (all one line)
rem set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
rem
rem TITLE (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default
rem TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified.
rem Example (all one line)
rem set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%]
rem
rem
rem
rem $Id: catalina.bat 947837 2010-05-24 22:19:23Z kkolinko $
rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rem Suppress Terminate batch job on CTRL+C
if not ""%1"" == ""run"" goto mainEntry
if ""%TEMP%"" == """" goto mainEntry
if exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
if not exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
rem Use provided errorlevel
set RETVAL=%ERRORLEVEL%
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
exit /B %RETVAL%
:mainEntry
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" >NUL 2>&1
rem 设定CATALINA环境变量
rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
cd ..
set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
:gotHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
goto end
:okHome
rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed.
set CLASSPATH=
rem 取得CATALINA环境变量
rem Get standard environment variables
if "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
goto gotSetenvBase
:gotSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
:gotSetenvBase
rem Get standard Java environment variables
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath
echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
echo This file is needed to run this program
goto end
:okSetclasspath
set "BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%"
call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1
if errorlevel 1 goto end
rem Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH
rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
rem quotes into the CLASSPATH
if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
:emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar"
if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase
set "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%"
:gotBase
if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir
set "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp"
:gotTmpdir
rem Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
rem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
goto juliClasspathDone
:juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
:juliClasspathDone
if not "%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
:noJuliConfig
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG%
if not "%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManager
set LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
:noJuliManager
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER%
rem ----- Execute The Requested Command ---------------------------------------
echo Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%"
echo Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%"
echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk
echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"
goto java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%"
:java_dir_displayed
echo Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%"
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%
set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
set ACTION=start
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
set DEBUG_OPTS=
set JPDA=
if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda
set JPDA=jpda
if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport
set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket
:gotJpdaTransport
if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress
set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
:gotJpdaAddress
if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend
set JPDA_SUSPEND=n
:gotJpdaSuspend
if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts
set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
:gotJpdaOpts
shift
:noJpda
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion
rem 想到Linux下面的各种命令行的shell程序 很类似
echo Usage: catalina ( commands ... )
echo commands:
echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger
echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager
echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo run Start Catalina in the current window
echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager
echo start Start Catalina in a separate window
echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager
echo stop Stop Catalina
echo version What version of tomcat are you running?
goto end
rem 之前都是预处理，到这里才开始真正进行分支调用
:doDebug
shift
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%
set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd
:doRun
shift
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd
:doStart
shift
if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle
if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat
set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA%
goto gotTitle
:noTitle
set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA%
:gotTitle
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd
:doStop
shift
set ACTION=stop
set CATALINA_OPTS=
goto execCmd
:doVersion
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
goto end
:execCmd
rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs
:doneSetArgs
rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem
rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
rem 这里才是真正要执行的jvm命令
if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:end
其中，":label名"不代表一个过程，只是代表其本身一个程序点而已，原来总以为是个类似函数或者过程定义的东西，现在看来，它只代表自己而已，仅仅是告诉goto语句跳到这个点上。
代码
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
这段代码才是jvm(对应java命令)执行的总命令行，其中传入了各种参数，即在startup.bat中调用catalina，根据传入命令(e.g. start..)选择对应入口，由于在之前已经设定好了环境变量，等各种参数检查(统称为预处理)，直到这里才是真正进行了jvm启动。
echo了一下，最终启动命令为:
代码
start "Tomcat" "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_21\bin\java" -Djava.util.logging.config.file="D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build\conf\logging.properties" -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs="D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build\endorsed" -classpath "D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build\bin\bootstrap.jar;D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="" -Dcatalina.base="D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build" -Dcatalina.home="D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build" -Djava.io.tmpdir="D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build\temp" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
可以看到关于启动环境的各种具体配置。
set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
bat中此处设定了jvm的虚拟机入口，即main函数，可以看到是交由Bootstrap类进行的，它被提供给classloader加载，并执行main()。
这也类似开源框架中的load-on-startup为1的servlet，交给servlet容器给予启动。而其init方法则可类比为main函数，只是main函数是交给虚拟机启动的，而init方法是交给servlet容器，通过java反射由servlet容器进行启动。
在tomcat的web.xml文件当中，定义load-on-startup的servlet是org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet，它只有一个子类，即WebdavServlet，根据规范，在init()方法中进行ServletContext和ServletConfig的初始化，service()起到一个选择doGet()，doPost()，doHead()等方法的分派作用，所以只在子类的WebdavServlet当中定义该方法，doGet(),doPost()的基础性工作都在父类DefaultServlet当中完成。
注：
1.CATALINA_BASE 定义：
# CATALINA_BASE
#(Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
#of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to
#the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
2.关于启动命令及参数：
在tomcat启动之后，也可以通过sun提供内存查看工具jconsole查看最终启动参数和各项内存情况。
