Linux常用命令

目录

• Linux常用命令
  • 0 设定密码
    • 0.1设定普通用户密码：
    • 0.2 设定root密码
  • 1.新建命令
    • 1.1新建文件
    • 1.2新建文件夹
  • 2.删除命令
    • 2.1删除文件：
    • 2.2删除文件夹
  • 3.移动文件
  • 4.查看虚拟机ip地址
  • 5.打开二进制文件
  • 6.更换镜像源
    • 6.1备份源列表：
    • 6.2命令行打开sources.list文件:
    • 6.3修改sources,list文件【本例更改为阿里镜像源】
      • 6.3.1阿里镜像源
      • 6.3.2 中科大镜像源
      • 6.3.3 清华镜像源
      • 6.3.4 163镜像源
    • 6.4更新并升级:
  • 7.赋予软件安装包权限
  • 8.SSH服务的启动与关闭
    • 8.1启动SSH命令
    • 8.2停止SSH命令
    • 8.3启动SSH命令
    • 8.4系统默认端口为22，修改可执行以下命令：
    • 8.5卸载SSH服务:
  • 9.给服务器安装vsftpd服务
    • 9.1 安装vsftpd
    • 9.2 修改默认配置
  • 10.修改ssh默认配置

Linux常用命令

0 设定密码

0.1设定普通用户密码：

sudo passwd root

0.2 设定root密码

#sudo su

#输入当前用户密码

#passwd

#重复两遍密码

1.新建命令

1.1新建文件

touch new filename
vi filename

1.2新建文件夹

mkdir /home filename

2.删除命令

2.1删除文件：

rm filename

2.2删除文件夹

rm -rf dirname

3.移动文件

cd 到文件所在目录，mv filename 指定目录
例子：
mv test.txt /home/Downloads

4.查看虚拟机ip地址

ipconfig
inet后就是ip地址

5.打开二进制文件

bless filename

6.更换镜像源

更换源步骤如下：

6.1备份源列表：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old

6.2命令行打开sources.list文件:

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

6.3修改sources,list文件【本例更改为阿里镜像源】

6.3.1阿里镜像源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

6.3.2 中科大镜像源

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

6.3.3 清华镜像源

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

6.3.4 163镜像源

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

6.4更新并升级:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

7.赋予软件安装包权限

sudo chmod a+x qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.12.8.run

8.SSH服务的启动与关闭

8.1启动SSH命令

sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start

8.2停止SSH命令

sudo /etc/init.d/ssh stop

8.3启动SSH命令

sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart

8.4系统默认端口为22，修改可执行以下命令：

sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

8.5卸载SSH服务:

sudo /etc/init.d/ss stop
卸载sftp服务
sudo apt-get remove openssh-sftp-server
卸载openssh-server服务
sudo apt-get remove openssh-server

9.给服务器安装vsftpd服务

9.1 安装vsftpd

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

9.2 修改默认配置

安装vsftpd后，它的配置文件里的写入权限默认是开着的，但是被注释了

vim /etc/vsftpd.conf

把注释删掉即可

10.修改ssh默认配置

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

找到RermitRootLogin这行，默认是注释的。把后面修改为yes