几乎就是并查集 (Almost Union-Find,UVa 11987)

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
const double eps = 1e-8;
const double pi=acos(-1.0);
const int INF=0x7fffffff;
unsigned long long uINF = ~0LL;
#define MAXN 100007
#define mod 1000000007
typedef long long LL;
int pb[MAXN],pa[MAXN],num[MAXN],sum[MAXN];
int findset(int x)
{
    return pa[x]!=x?pa[x]=findset(pa[x]):x;
}
int n,m;
void print()
{
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    cout<<pb[i]<<' ';
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    cout<<pa[i]<<' ';
    cout<<endl;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    cout<<num[i]<<' ';
    cout<<endl;
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    cout<<sum[i]<<' ';
    cout<<endl;
}
int main()
{

    while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)!=EOF)
    {
        int t,p,q,x,y,x1,y1;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        {
            pa[i]=i;pb[i]=i;
            num[i]=1;
            sum[i]=i;
        }
        for(int i=0;i<m;i++){
        scanf("%d",&t);
        if(t==1){scanf("%d%d",&p,&q);
        x=pb[p];y=pb[q];
        if(x==y)continue;
        x1=findset(x);y1=findset(y);
        if(x1==y1)continue;
        pa[x1]=y1;
        num[y1]+=num[x1];
        sum[y1]+=sum[x1];
        num[x1]=0;
        sum[x1]=0;
        }
        else if(t==2){scanf("%d%d",&p,&q);
        x=pb[p];y=pb[q];
        if(x==y)continue;
        x1=findset(x);y1=findset(y);
        if(x1==y1)continue;
        pb[p]=y;
        num[y1]++;
        sum[y1]+=p;
        num[x1]--;
        sum[x1]-=p;
        }
        else if(t==3){scanf("%d",&p);
        printf("%d %d\n",num[findset(pb[p])],sum[findset(pb[p])]);}
        //print();
        }

    }
    return 0;
}

带删除的并查集~ 实际上就是再开个数组保存对应并查集的下标