Django——微信推送
微信推送前提
微信推送流程:
-用户需要关注我
-需要诱导用户把openid存到我的数据库中
-生成一个微信地址的二维码(放了一个回调地址)
-用户扫描二维码,朝该地址发请求,用户一旦点击允许,微信会朝回调地址发送请求,携带一些参数(但是这些参数中没有openid)
-服务器再次向微信服务器发送请求,携带code,请求回用户的openid,把openid存到自己的数据库
-发消息
-先要获取一个access_token,获取用户openid
-发送消息,需要携带者两个东西,给指定的人发送消息(可以发模板消息,可以发普通消息)
settings 中配置：
WECHAT_CONFIG = { 'app_id': 'wx6edde7a6a97e4fcd', 'appsecret': '02d8bb38434c75d83e671047a6c7d182', 'redirect_uri': 'http://42.56.89.12/callback/', }
models中
import hashlib from django.db import models class UserInfo(models.Model): username = models.CharField("用户名", max_length=64, unique=True) password = models.CharField("密码", max_length=64) uid = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人唯一ID',max_length=64, unique=True) wx_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="微信ID", max_length=128, blank=True, null=True, db_index=True) def save(self, *args, **kwargs): # 创建用户时，为用户自动生成个人唯一ID if not self.pk: m = hashlib.md5() m.update(self.username.encode(encoding="utf-8")) self.uid = m.hexdigest() super(UserInfo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
url中：
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^login/$', views.login), url(r'^bind/$', views.bind), url(r'^bind_qcode/$', views.bind_qcode), url(r'^callback/$', views.callback), url(r'^sendmsg/$', views.sendmsg), ]
views中
环境搭建
import json import functools import requests from django.conf import settings from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse from django.http import JsonResponse from app01 import models def auth(func): def inner(request, *args, **kwargs): user_info = request.session.get('user_info') if not user_info: return redirect('/login/') return func(request, *args, **kwargs) return inner def login(request): """ 用户登录 :param request: :return: """ # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='luffy',password=123) if request.method == "POST": user = request.POST.get('user') pwd = request.POST.get('pwd') obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd).first() if obj: request.session['user_info'] = {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.username, 'uid': obj.uid} return redirect('/bind/') else: return render(request, 'login.html') @auth def bind(request): """ 用户登录后，关注公众号，并绑定个人微信（用于以后消息推送） :param request: :return: """ return render(request, 'bind.html') @auth def bind_qcode(request): """ 生成二维码 :param request: :return: """ ret = {'code': 1000} try: # 生成一个地址 access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri=
{redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect" access_url = access_url.format( # 商户的appid appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], # 'wx6edde7a6a97e4fcd', # 回调地址 redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"], # 当前登录用户的唯一id,与第三方平台交互的用户唯一id state=request.session['user_info']['uid'] # 为当前用户生成MD5值 ) ret['data'] = access_url except Exception as e: ret['code'] = 1001 ret['msg'] = str(e) return JsonResponse(ret)
回调函数：
def callback(request): """ 用户在手机微信上扫码后，微信自动调用该方法。 用于获取扫码用户的唯一ID，以后用于给他推送消息。 :param request: :return: """ code = request.GET.get("code") # 用户md5值,用户唯一id state = request.GET.get("state") print(code) # 获取该用户openId(用户唯一，用于给用户发送消息) # request模块朝https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token地址发get请求 res = requests.get( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token", params={ "appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], "secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["appsecret"], "code": code, "grant_type": 'authorization_code', } ).json() # res.data 是json格式 # res=json.loads(res.data) # res是一个字典 # 获取的到openid表示用户授权成功 openid = res.get("openid") if openid: models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid) response = "<h1>授权成功 %s </h1>" % openid else: response = "<h1>用户扫码之后，手机上的提示</h1>" return HttpResponse(response)
获取微信接口：
def sendmsg(request): def get_access_token(): """ 获取微信全局接口的凭证(默认有效期俩个小时) 如果不每天请求次数过多, 通过设置缓存即可 """ # 相当于百度的登录功能,返回token,token失效时间是两小时 result = requests.get( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token", params={ "grant_type": "client_credential", "appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'], "secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'], } ).json() if result.get("access_token"): access_token = result.get('access_token') else: access_token = None return access_token # 给用户推送消息,必须用token,你要给用户推消息,需要微信的认证 access_token = get_access_token() # 用户唯一id openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id def send_custom_msg(): body = { # 给哪个用户发消息 "touser": openid, # 消息类型是文本类型 "msgtype": "text", # 消息内容 "text": { "content": 'lqz大帅哥' } } # param这个会拼在连接后,get形式传的参 response = requests.post( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send", # 放到路径?后面的东西 params={ 'access_token': access_token }, # 这是post请求body体中的内容,body中的内容都是bytes格式 data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8') ) # 一发消息,微信立马给结果,同步 # 这里可根据回执code进行判定是否发送成功(也可以根据code根据错误信息) # response这个是朝微信地址发请求的响应.json,把json格式字符串,转成字典 result = response.json() return result def send_template_msg(): """ 发送模版消息 """ res = requests.post( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send", params={ 'access_token': access_token }, json={ "touser": openid, "template_id": 'TPCDGRunTouUbP6667wi5-xR3_aPM7l7fx8nbQdq-DM', "data": { "first": { "value": "hehe", "color": "#173177" }, "second": { "value": "大帅哥", "color": "#173177" }, } }, ) result = res.json() return result # result = send_custom_msg() result = send_template_msg() if result.get('errcode') == 0: return HttpResponse('发送成功') return HttpResponse('发送失败')
HTML模板：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="/login/" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名"> <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码"> <input type="submit" value="登录"> </form> </body> </html>
{% load staticfiles %} <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <div style="width: 600px;margin: 0 auto"> <h1>并绑定个人用户（用于以后的消息提醒）</h1> <div> <h3>第一步：关注微信服务号</h3> <img style="height: 100px;width: 100px" src="{% static "img/luffy.jpeg" %}"> </div> <input type="button" value="下一步【获取绑定二维码】" onclick="getBindUserQcode()"> <div> <h3>第二步：绑定个人账户</h3> <div id="qrcode" style="width: 250px;height: 250px;background-color: white;margin: 100px auto;"></div> </div> </div> <script src="{% static "js/jquery.min.js" %}"></script> {#qrcode 可以生成二维码 #} <script src="{% static "js/jquery.qrcode.min.js" %}"></script> <script src="{% static "js/qrcode.js" %}"></script> <script> //你平时看到的所有二维码,都是一个地址 function getBindUserQcode() { $.ajax({ url: '/bind_qcode/', type: 'GET', success: function (result) { console.log(result); //result:{'code':1000,'data':url地址} //result.data 取出来的是什么?是后台生成的一个地址 //通过js生成一个二维码图片放到div中 $('#qrcode').empty().qrcode({text: result.data}); } }); } </script> </body> </html>
