GOF设计模式——Builder模式

一、什么是Builder模式?

        builder模式,就好比一栋大楼,这栋大楼有很多个组件组成,但是这栋大楼只是一个各个组件结合起来的框架,每一栋大楼都有各自的特色,这些特色由它们实际情况决定。对于程序而言,这栋大楼就好比一个Builder抽象类,里面定义了很多组件方法,一个完整的功能离不开里面的每一个方法,具体实现依赖子类,只要继承这个抽象类,就可以根据组件方法组建起自己的“大楼”。

二、Builder模式思想

Builder类:负责生成实例的接口,里面定义了用于生成实例的方法;

ConcreteBuilder类:负责实现Builder抽象类,此外还定义了获取最终结果(大楼)的方法;

Director类:负责使用Builder抽象类生成实例,它并不依赖Builder的具体子类,所以它只会调用Builder里面定义的方法。

三、应用实例

        设计一个Builder,用于编写文档,可以是Text文档,也可以是HTML文档。

1、Builder类

package com.cjs.builder;
 
public abstract class Builder {
    public abstract void makeTitle(String title);
 
    public abstract void makeString(String str);
 
    public abstract void makeItem(String[] items);
 
    public abstract void close();
}

2、Director类

package com.cjs.builder;
 
public class Director {
    Builder builder;
 
    public Director(Builder builder) {
        this.builder = builder;
    }
 
    public void construct() {
        builder.makeTitle("Greeting");
        builder.makeString("从早上至下午");
        builder.makeItem(new String[]{"Good Morning", "Good Afternoon"});
        builder.makeString("晚上");
        builder.makeItem(new String[]{"Good Night","Bye-Bye"});
        builder.close();
    }
}

3、TextBuilder类

package com.cjs.builder;
 
public class TextBuilder extends Builder {
    private StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
    @Override
    public void makeTitle(String title) {
        buffer.append("=========================\n");
        buffer.append("[" + title + "]\n");
        buffer.append("\n");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void makeString(String str) {
        buffer.append("■" + str + "\n");
        buffer.append("\n");
 
    }
 
    @Override
    public void makeItem(String[] items) {
        for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
            buffer.append("    ·" + items[i] + "\n");
            buffer.append("\n");
        }
    }
 
    @Override
    public void close() {
        buffer.append("=========================\n");
    }
 
    public String getResult() {
        return buffer.toString();
    }
}

4、HTMLBuilder类

package com.cjs.builder;
 
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
 
public class HTMLBuilder extends Builder {
    private String fileName;
    private PrintWriter writer;
    @Override
    public void makeTitle(String title) {
        fileName = title + ".html";
        try {
            writer = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(fileName));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        writer.println("<html><head><title>" + title + "</title></head><body>");
        writer.println("<h1>"+title+"</h1>");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void makeString(String str) {
        writer.println("<p>"+str+"</p>");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void makeItem(String[] items) {
        writer.println("<ul>");
        for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
            writer.println("<li>" + items[i] + "</li>");
        }
        writer.println("</ul>");
 
    }
 
    @Override
    public void close() {
        writer.println("</body></head");
        writer.close();
    }
 
    public String getResult() {
        return fileName;
    }
}

5、Main类

package com.cjs.builder;
 
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        if (args.length != 1) {
            usage();
            System.exit(0);
        }
        if (args[0].equals("plain")) {
            TextBuilder textBuilder = new TextBuilder();
            Director director = new Director(textBuilder);
            director.construct();
            String result = textBuilder.getResult();
            System.out.println(result);
        } else if (args[0].equals("html")) {
            HTMLBuilder htmlBuilder = new HTMLBuilder();
            Director director = new Director(htmlBuilder);
            director.construct();
            System.out.println(htmlBuilder.getResult()+"文件编写完成");
        } else {
            usage();
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
 
    public static void usage() {
        System.out.println("Usage: java main plain  编写文本文档");
        System.out.println("Usage: java main html  编写HTML文档");
    }
}

        对于Director类,它并不关心实际编写文档是采用纯文本,还是HTML,所以在Builder抽象类里必须声明足够多的方法,同时,Builder类的实现类可以拥有自己独特的方法,以实现各自对实际情况的逻辑需求。

posted @ 2019-01-27 16:27  KamShing  阅读(299)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报