keepalived安装配置
安装keepalived
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.2.7.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.2.7
./configure --with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install
-------------------------
注意:在执行./configure --with-http_stub_status_module
的时候报错因为少一个库
keepalived执行./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived时报错:configure: error: Popt libraries is required
出现此错误的原因:
未安装popt的开发包
解决方法:
yum install popt-devel
安装好popt的开发包。
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运行环境
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
mkdir /etc/keepalived
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
加入启动服务
echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >> /etc/rc.local
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Keepalived 加载的脚本
keepalived -help中
keepalived --use-file -f Use the specified configuration file.
Default is /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
默认使用的是 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf配置文件
配置keepalived
按照上面的安装方法,keepalived的配置文件在/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf。主、从服务器的配置相关联但有所不同。如下:
Master:
global_defs {
router_id nginx_master
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 101
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
50.1.1.2
}
}
Backup:
global_defs {
notification_email {
router_id nginx_backup
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
50.1.1.2
}
}
验证:
先后在主、从服务器上启动keepalived: /etc/init.d/keepalived start
在主服务器上查看是否已经绑定了虚拟IP: ip addr
停止主服务器上的keepalived: /etc/init.d/keepalived stop 然后在从服务器上查看是否已经绑定了虚拟IP:
启动主服务器上的keepalived,看看主服务器能否重新接管虚拟IP
让keepalived监控NginX的状态
经过前面的配置,如果主服务器的keepalived停止服务,从服务器会自动接管VIP对外服务;一旦主服务器的keepalived恢复,会重新接管VIP。 但这并不是我们需要的,我们需要的是当NginX停止服务的时候能够自动切换。
keepalived支持配置监控脚本,我们可以通过脚本监控NginX的状态,如果状态不正常则进行一系列的操作,最终仍不能恢复NginX则杀掉keepalived,使得从服务器能够接管服务。
如何监控NginX的状态
最简单的做法是监控NginX进程,更靠谱的做法是检查NginX端口,最靠谱的做法是检查多个url能否获取到页面。
如何尝试恢复服务
如果发现NginX不正常,重启之。等待3秒再次校验,仍然失败则不再尝试。
根据上述策略很容易写出监控脚本。这里使用nmap检查nginx端口来判断nginx的状态,记得要首先安装nmap。监控脚本如下:
#!/bin/sh
# check nginx server status
NGINX=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
PORT=80
nmap localhost -p $PORT | grep "$PORT/tcp open"
#echo $?if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
$NGINX -s stop
$NGINX
sleep 3
nmap localhost -p $PORT | grep "$PORT/tcp open"
[ $? -ne 0 ] && /etc/init.d/keepalived stopfi
不要忘了设置脚本的执行权限,否则不起作用。
假设上述脚本放在/opt/chk_nginx.sh,则keepalived.conf中增加如下配置:
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/opt/chk_nginx.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
这里又遇到了问题就是脚本怎么都不执行:
最后找到解决办法:
将 track_script 嵌入到 vrrp_instance 里面
如下:
global_defs {
router_id nginx_master
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port
{
script "/opt/chk_nginx.sh"
interval 1
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 101
advert_int 1
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.1.111
}
}