升级pip报错ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: [WinError 5]

今天在安装python第三方库时，提示pip需要升级，没有多想直接升级，结果报错：

ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问。: 'd:\\python\\scripts\\pip.exe'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.

一、报错处理 

从报错信息看，大概是权限问题，于是使用管理员身份运行CMD，再次升级依旧报错。

D:\Python\Lib\site-packages>pip install --upgrade pip
Requirement already satisfied: pip in d:\python\lib\site-packages (21.1.1)
Collecting pip
  Downloading pip-23.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 2.1 MB 2.2 MB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    Found existing installation: pip 21.1.1
    Uninstalling pip-21.1.1:
ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问。: 'd:\\python\\scripts\\pip.exe'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.

升级时PyCharm未关闭，联想到之前处理过的报错，查看了 D:\Python\Lib\site-packages 目录，果然pip

相关的两个文件夹已经不在了。此时执行命令报错：

D:\Python\Lib\site-packages>pip install --upgrade pip
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "d:\python\lib\runpy.py", line 194, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "d:\python\lib\runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "D:\Python\Scripts\pip.exe\__main__.py", line 4, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pip'

最终解决方法，先执行 python -m ensurepip 命令，再升级pip。

D:\Python\Lib\site-packages>python -m ensurepip
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\python\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\python\lib\site-packages)
Looking in links: c:\Users\EDISON~1\AppData\Local\Temp\tmphubo0umq
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in d:\python\lib\site-packages (56.0.0)
Processing c:\users\edisonyao\appdata\local\temp\tmphubo0umq\pip-21.1.1-py3-none-any.whl
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\python\lib\site-packages)
Installing collected packages: pip
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\python\lib\site-packages)
Successfully installed pip-21.1.1

D:\Python\Lib\site-packages>python -m pip install --upgrade pip
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\python\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\python\lib\site-packages)
Requirement already satisfied: pip in d:\python\lib\site-packages (21.1.1)
Collecting pip
  Using cached pip-23.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\python\lib\site-packages)
Installing collected packages: pip
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\python\lib\site-packages)
    Found existing installation: pip 21.1.1
    Uninstalling pip-21.1.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-21.1.1
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\python\lib\site-packages)
Successfully installed pip-23.0.1
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\python\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\python\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\python\lib\site-packages)

二、命令释义

　　ensurepip 包为在已有的Python安装实例或虚拟环境中引导 pip 安装器提供了支持。需要使用引导才能使

用pip的这一事实也正好反映了 pip 是一个独立的项目，有其自己的发布周期，其最新版本随CPython解释器的

维护版本和新特性版本一同捆绑。

　　在大多数情况下，Python的终端使用者不需要直接调用这个模块（ pip 默认应该已被引导），不过，如果

在安装Python（或创建虚拟环境）时跳过了安装 pip 步骤，或者使用过程中卸载了 pip ，则需要使用这个模块。

　　最常用的调用命令： python -m ensurepip ，其含义是在未安装pip的情况下安装pip，若已安装则不做任

何处理。