cisco常用命令
进入特权模式
Router>enable
进入配置模式
Router#configure terminal
特权模式下查看全局配置
Router#show running-config
非特权模式下查看全局配置(+do 在非特权模式下使用do show查看配置)
Router(config)#do show running-config
重启
Router#reload
保存配置
Router#write
清空配置
Router#write erase
删除命令
Router(config-if)#no ip address
修改主机名
Router(config)#hostname R1
设置进入特权模式的密码
Router(config)#enable password cisco@123
设置远程登录
line vty 0 4
password cisco@123
login //允许登录
transport input telnet //允许通过的协议
远程登录时查看日志信息
Router#terminal monitor
路由功能
Switch(config)#ip routing //开启路由功能
Switch(config)#no ip routing //关闭路由功能
Switch(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254 //设置默认网关
查看MAC地址表
Switch#show mac address-table
设置全/半双工
Router(config-if)#duplex full/half
路由管理距离(类似Huawei 优先级)
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.1.1 ?
<1-255> Distance metric for this route
Protocol Distance
Direct 0
Static 1
Rip 120
OSPF 110
Eigrp 90(170)
CDP协议(思科私有,与LLDP相同)
Router#show cdp neighbors
VLAN,接口
Switch(config)#vlan 10,20,30 //同时创建多个vlan
interface Ethernet0/1
switchport access vlan 10
switchport mode access
interface Ethernet0/2
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q //配置封装模式(Cisco默认私有模式ISL)
switchport trunk native vlan 10 //本征vlan(类似华为pvid)
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allowed vlan all
switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 10//不允许某个vlan通过
子接口
interface Ethernet0/1.10 //创建子接口
encapsulation dot1Q 10 //封装vlan10
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
DHCP
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.10.250 192.168.10.254
ip dhcp pool dhcp-pool
network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 192.168.10.254
dns-server 114.114.114.114
Switch(config-if)#ip helper-address 192.168.20.254 //dhcp中继
Router#show ip dhcp conflict //查看地址冲突
Router#clear ip dhcp conflict * //清除dhcp冲突地址
Router#show dhcp server
ACL
Router(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 //基本acl
Router(config)#access-list 100 permit tcp 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 eq 80 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 eq 8000 //扩展acl
//基于名称的acl(可以设置规则序号)
Router(config)#ip access-list standard ciaco-acl
Router(config-std-nacl)#11 permit 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#ip access-group 1 in/out //在接口上应用acl
NAT
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside //内网人口
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside //外网出口
access-list 10 permit 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
ip nat inside source list 10 interface Ethernet0/1 //nat转换
ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.10.23 23 200.1.1.1 23 //端口映射
链路聚合
Switch(config)#interface range ethernet 0/2 - 3 //创建接口组(类似port-group)
Switch(config-if-range)#channel-group 12 mode active //创建channel id(两端id不需要相同),设置模式
// shutdown状态下配置,如果不成功更换channel id
Switch#show etherchannel summary //查看命令
STP
Switch(config)#spanning-tree mode ?
mst Multiple spanning tree mode //多生成树(802.1s)
pvst Per-Vlan spanning tree mode //传统模式(802.1D)
rapid-pvst Per-Vlan rapid spanning tree mode //快速生成树(802.1w)
Switch(config)#spanning-tree vlan 10 priority 0 //设置优先级
VTP(思科私有用于vlan同步,只用于交换机间的接口是trunk口)
{vtp是危险协议,推荐修改为透明模式}
Switch(config)#vtp mode ?
client Set the device to client mode. //客户端模式(用于同步配置,不能创建修改删除vlan)
off Set the device to off mode. //关闭
server Set the device to server mode. //服务器模式(同步配置,可以创建修改删除vlan)
transparent Set the device to transparent mode. //透明模式(推荐配置,不会被同步)
vtp domain cisco //创建vtp域名
vtp version 2 //修改版本(v1,v2,v3存在版本兼容问题)
vtp password cisco@123 //设置认证密码
HSRP(思科私有,类似vrrp)
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
standby 12 ip 192.168.1.254 //设置虚拟IP(standby id 两端必须一致)
standby 12 priority 110 //设置优先级(默认100,越大越优)
standby 12 preempt //开启抢占
PPP
username admin password 0 cisco@123 //设置用户,密码
interface Serial1/0
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp //封装为PPP
ppp authentication chap/pap //认证模式为chap或pap
interface Serial1/0
ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp
ppp chap hostname admin
ppp chap password ciaco@123
ppp pap sent-username admin password ciaco@123
PPPoE
Server:
bba-group pppoe Cisco
virtual-template 1
interface Ethernet0/1
no ip address
pppoe enable group Cisco
username admin password 0 cisco@123
ip local pool pppoe-pool 200.1.1.2 200.1.1.10 //创建可分配的地址池
interface Virtual-Template1
ip address 200.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
peer default ip address pool pppoe-pool
ppp authentication chap
Client:
interface Ethernet0/1
no ip address
pppoe enable
pppoe-client dial-pool-number 1
interface Dialer1
ip address negotiated
ip mtu 1492 //1500-ppp头部
encapsulation ppp
ip tcp adjust-mss 1452 //1500-(ppp头部+ip头部+tcp头部)
dialer pool 1
ppp authentication chap callin //启用chap验证
ppp chap hostname admin
ppp chap password 0 cisco@123
GRE
interface Tunnel10
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
tunnel source 1.1.1.1 //本端公网IP
tunnel destination 2.2.2.2 //对端公网IP