configparser模块

该模块适用于配置文件的格式与windows ini文件类似，可以包含一个或多个节（section），每个节可以有多个参数（键=值）。

"""
Django settings for webwx project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.10.3.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'mpn^n-s-&+ckg_)gl4sp^@8=89us&@*^r1c_81#x-5+$)rf8=3'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'web',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'webwx.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'webwx.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
)

Django的配置文件举例

创建文件

[DEFAULT]
ServerAliveInterval = 45
Compression = yes
CompressionLevel = 9
ForwardX11 = yes
  
[bitbucket.org]
User = hg
  
[topsecret.server.com]
Port = 50022
ForwardX11 = no

如果想用python生成一个这样的文档怎么做呢？

import configparser
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config["DEFAULT"] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '45',
                      'Compression': 'yes',
                     'CompressionLevel': '9',
                     'ForwardX11':'yes'}
config['bitbucket.org'] = {'User':'hg'}
config['topsecret.server.com'] = {'Host Port':'50022','ForwardX11':'no'}

with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile:
   config.write(configfile)

查找文件

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
#---------------------------查找文件内容,基于字典的形式

print(config.sections())        #  []
config.read('example.ini')
print(config.sections())        #   ['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com']
print('bytebong.com' in config) # False
print('bitbucket.org' in config) # True
print(config['bitbucket.org']["user"])  # hg
print(config['DEFAULT']['Compression']) #yes
print(config['topsecret.server.com']['ForwardX11'])  #no
print(config['bitbucket.org'])          #<Section: bitbucket.org>

for key in config['bitbucket.org']:    
# 注意,有default会默认default的键
    print(key)
print(config.options('bitbucket.org'))  
# 同for循环,找到'bitbucket.org'下所有键

print(config.items('bitbucket.org'))    
#找到'bitbucket.org'下所有键值对

print(config.get('bitbucket.org','compression')) # yes       get方法Section下的key对应的value

 

增删改操作

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('example.ini')
config.add_section('yuan')

config.remove_section('bitbucket.org')
config.remove_option('topsecret.server.com',"forwardx11")

config.set('topsecret.server.com','k1','11111')
config.set('yuan','k2','22222')
config.write(open('new2.ini', "w"))