一、asp.net中导出Execl的方法:
在asp.net中导出Execl有两种方法,一种是将导出的文件存放在服务器某个文件夹下面,然后将文件地址输出在浏览器上;一种是将文件直接将文件输出流写给浏览器。在Response输出时,\t分隔的数据,导出execl时,等价于分列,\n等价于换行。
1、将整个html全部输出execl
此法将html中所有的内容,如按钮,表格,图片等全部输出到Execl中。
Response.Clear();
Response.Buffer= true;
Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd")+".xls");
Response.ContentEncoding=System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;
Response.ContentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel";
this.EnableViewState = false;
这里我们利用了ContentType属性,它默认的属性为text/html,这时将输出为超文本,即我们常见的网页格式到客户端,如果改为ms-excel将将输出excel格式,也就是说以电子表格的格式输出到客户端,这时浏览器将提示你下载保存。ContentType的属性还包括:image/JPEG;text/HTML;image/GIF;vnd.ms-excel/msword 。同理,我们也可以输出(导出)图片、word文档等。下面的方法,也均用了这个属性。
2、将DataGrid控件中的数据导出Execl
上述方法虽然实现了导出的功能,但同时把按钮、分页框等html中的所有输出信息导了进去。而我们一般要导出的是数据,DataGrid控件上的数据。
System.Web.UI.Control ctl=this.DataGrid1;
//DataGrid1是你在窗体中拖放的控件
HttpContext.Current.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=Excel.xls");
HttpContext.Current.Response.Charset ="UTF-8";
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding =System.Text.Encoding.Default;
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType ="application/ms-excel";
ctl.Page.EnableViewState =false;
System.IO.StringWriter tw = new System.IO.StringWriter() ;
System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter hw = new System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter (tw);
ctl.RenderControl(hw);
HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(tw.ToString());
HttpContext.Current.Response.End();
如果你的DataGrid用了分页,它导出的是当前页的信息,也就是它导出的是DataGrid中显示的信息。而不是你select语句的全部信息。
为方便使用,写成方法如下:
public void DGToExcel(System.Web.UI.Control ctl)
{
HttpContext.Current.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=Excel.xls");
HttpContext.Current.Response.Charset ="UTF-8";
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding =System.Text.Encoding.Default;
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType ="application/ms-excel";
ctl.Page.EnableViewState =false;
System.IO.StringWriter tw = new System.IO.StringWriter() ;
System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter hw = new System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter (tw);
ctl.RenderControl(hw);
HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(tw.ToString());
HttpContext.Current.Response.End();
}
用法:DGToExcel(datagrid1);
3、将DataSet中的数据导出Execl
有了上边的思路,就是将在导出的信息,输出(Response)客户端,这样就可以导出了。那么把DataSet中的数据导出,也就是把DataSet中的表中的各行信息,以ms-excel的格式Response到http流,这样就OK了。说明:参数ds应为填充有数据表的DataSet,文件名是全名,包括后缀名,如execl2006.xls
public void CreateExcel(DataSet ds,string FileName)
{
HttpResponse resp;
resp = Page.Response;
resp.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312");
resp.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+FileName);
string colHeaders= "", ls_item="";
//定义表对象与行对象,同时用DataSet对其值进行初始化
DataTable dt=ds.Tables[0];
DataRow[] myRow=dt.Select();//可以类似dt.Select("id>10")之形式达到数据筛选目的
int i=0;
int cl=dt.Columns.Count;
//取得数据表各列标题,各标题之间以\t分割,最后一个列标题后加回车符
for(i=0;i<cl;i++)
{
if(i==(cl-1))//最后一列,加\n
{
colHeaders +=dt.Columns[i].Caption.ToString() +"\n";
}
else
{
colHeaders+=dt.Columns[i].Caption.ToString()+"\t";
}
}
resp.Write(colHeaders);
//向HTTP输出流中写入取得的数据信息
//逐行处理数据
foreach(DataRow row in myRow)
{
//当前行数据写入HTTP输出流,并且置空ls_item以便下行数据
for(i=0;i<cl;i++)
{
if(i==(cl-1))//最后一列,加\n
{
ls_item +=row[i].ToString()+"\n";
}
else
{
ls_item+=row[i].ToString()+"\t";
}
}
resp.Write(ls_item);
ls_item="";
}
resp.End();
}
4、将dataview导出execl
若想实现更加富于变化或者行列不规则的execl导出时,可用本法。
public void OutputExcel(DataView dv,string str)
{
//dv为要输出到Excel的数据,str为标题名称
GC.Collect();
Application excel;// = new Application();
int rowIndex=4;
int colIndex=1;
_Workbook xBk;
_Worksheet xSt;
excel= new ApplicationClass();
xBk = excel.Workbooks.Add(true);
xSt = (_Worksheet)xBk.ActiveSheet;
//
//取得标题
//
foreach(DataColumn col in dv.Table.Columns)
{
colIndex++;
excel.Cells[4,colIndex] = col.ColumnName;
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,colIndex],excel.Cells[4,colIndex]).HorizontalAlignment = XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;//设置标题格式为居中对齐
}
//
//取得表格中的数据
//
foreach(DataRowView row in dv)
{
rowIndex ++;
colIndex = 1;
foreach(DataColumn col in dv.Table.Columns)
{
colIndex ++;
if(col.DataType == System.Type.GetType("System.DateTime"))
{
excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex] = (Convert.ToDateTime(row[col.ColumnName].ToString())).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd");
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex],excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex]).HorizontalAlignment = XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;//设置日期型的字段格式为居中对齐
}
else
if(col.DataType == System.Type.GetType("System.String"))
{
excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex] = "'"+row[col.ColumnName].ToString();
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex],excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex]).HorizontalAlignment = XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;//设置字符型的字段格式为居中对齐
}
else
{
excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex] = row[col.ColumnName].ToString();
}
}
}
//
//加载一个合计行
//
int rowSum = rowIndex + 1;
int colSum = 2;
excel.Cells[rowSum,2] = "合计";
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowSum,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,2]).HorizontalAlignment = XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenter;
//
//设置选中的部分的颜色
//
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowSum,colSum],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Select();
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowSum,colSum],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Interior.ColorIndex = 19;//设置为浅黄色,共计有56种
//
//取得整个报表的标题
//
excel.Cells[2,2] = str;
//
//设置整个报表的标题格式
//
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[2,2],excel.Cells[2,2]).Font.Bold = true;
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[2,2],excel.Cells[2,2]).Font.Size = 22;
//
//设置报表表格为最适应宽度
//
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Select();
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Columns.AutoFit();
//
//设置整个报表的标题为跨列居中
//
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[2,2],excel.Cells[2,colIndex]).Select();
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[2,2],excel.Cells[2,colIndex]).HorizontalAlignment = XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenterAcrossSelection;
//
//绘制边框
//
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Borders.LineStyle = 1;
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,2]).Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeLeft].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//设置左边线加粗
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[4,colIndex]).Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeTop].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//设置上边线加粗
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,colIndex],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeRight].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//设置右边线加粗
xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowSum,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//设置下边线加粗
//
//显示效果
//
excel.Visible=true;
//xSt.Export(Server.MapPath(".")+"\\"+this.xlfile.Text+".xls",SheetExportActionEnum.ssExportActionNone,Microsoft.Office.Interop.OWC.SheetExportFormat.ssExportHTML);
xBk.SaveCopyAs(Server.MapPath(".")+"\\"+this.xlfile.Text+".xls");
ds = null;
xBk.Close(false, null,null);
excel.Quit();
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xBk);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excel);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xSt);
xBk = null;
excel = null;
xSt = null;
GC.Collect();
string path = Server.MapPath(this.xlfile.Text+".xls");
System.IO.FileInfo file = new System.IO.FileInfo(path);
Response.Clear();
Response.Charset="GB2312";
Response.ContentEncoding=System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;
// 添加头信息,为"文件下载/另存为"对话框指定默认文件名
Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + Server.UrlEncode(file.Name));
// 添加头信息,指定文件大小,让浏览器能够显示下载进度
Response.AddHeader("Content-Length", file.Length.ToString());
// 指定返回的是一个不能被客户端读取的流,必须被下载
Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";
// 把文件流发送到客户端
Response.WriteFile(file.FullName);
// 停止页面的执行
Response.End();
}
上面的方面,均将要导出的execl数据,直接给浏览器输出文件流,下面的方法是首先将其存到服务器的某个文件夹中,然后把文件发送到客户端。这样可以持久的把导出的文件存起来,以便实现其它功能。
5、将execl文件导出到服务器上,再下载。
二、winForm中导出Execl的方法:
1、方法1:
public void Out2Excel(string sTableName,string url)
{
Excel.Application oExcel=new Excel.Application();
Workbooks oBooks;
Workbook oBook;
Sheets oSheets;
Worksheet oSheet;
Range oCells;
string sFile="",sTemplate="";
//
System.Data.DataTable dt=TableOut(sTableName).Tables[0];
sFile=url+"\\myExcel.xls";
sTemplate=url+"\\MyTemplate.xls";
//
oExcel.Visible=false;
oExcel.DisplayAlerts=false;
//定义一个新的工作簿
oBooks=oExcel.Workbooks;
oBooks.Open(sTemplate,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
oBook=oBooks.get_Item(1);
oSheets=oBook.Worksheets;
oSheet=(Worksheet)oSheets.get_Item(1);
//命名该sheet
oSheet.Name="Sheet1";
oCells=oSheet.Cells;
//调用dumpdata过程,将数据导入到Excel中去
DumpData(dt,oCells);
//保存
oSheet.SaveAs(sFile,Excel.XlFileFormat.xlTemplate,Type.Missing,Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
oBook.Close(false, Type.Missing,Type.Missing);
//退出Excel,并且释放调用的COM资源
oExcel.Quit();
GC.Collect();
KillProcess("Excel");
}
private void KillProcess(string processName)
{
System.Diagnostics.Process myproc= new System.Diagnostics.Process();
//得到所有打开的进程
try
{
foreach (Process thisproc in Process.GetProcessesByName(processName))
{
if(!thisproc.CloseMainWindow())
{
thisproc.Kill();
}
}
}
catch(Exception Exc)
{
throw new Exception("",Exc);
}
}
2、方法2:
protected void ExportExcel()
{
gridbind();
if(ds1==null) return;
string saveFileName="";
// bool fileSaved=false;
SaveFileDialog saveDialog=new SaveFileDialog();
saveDialog.DefaultExt ="xls";
saveDialog.Filter="Excel文件|*.xls";
saveDialog.FileName ="Sheet1";
saveDialog.ShowDialog();
saveFileName=saveDialog.FileName;
if(saveFileName.IndexOf(":")<0) return; //被点了取消
// excelapp.Workbooks.Open (App.path & \\工程进度表.xls)
Excel.Application xlApp=new Excel.Application();
object missing=System.Reflection.Missing.Value;
if(xlApp==null)
{
MessageBox.Show("无法创建Excel对象,可能您的机子未安装Excel");
return;
}
Excel.Workbooks workbooks=xlApp.Workbooks;
Excel.Workbook workbook=workbooks.Add(Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
Excel.Worksheet worksheet=(Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];//取得sheet1
Excel.Range range;
string oldCaption=Title_label .Text.Trim ();
long totalCount=ds1.Tables[0].Rows.Count;
long rowRead=0;
float percent=0;
worksheet.Cells[1,1]=Title_label .Text.Trim ();
//写入字段
for(int i=0;i<ds1.Tables[0].Columns.Count;i++)
{
worksheet.Cells[2,i+1]=ds1.Tables[0].Columns .ColumnName;
range=(Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[2,i+1];
range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15;
range.Font.Bold = true;
}
//写入数值
Caption .Visible = true;
for(int r=0;r<ds1.Tables[0].Rows.Count;r++)
{
for(int i=0;i<ds1.Tables[0].Columns.Count;i++)
{
worksheet.Cells[r+3,i+1]=ds1.Tables[0].Rows[r];
}
rowRead++;
percent=((float)(100*rowRead))/totalCount;
this.Caption.Text= "正在导出数据["+ percent.ToString("0.00") +"%]...";
Application.DoEvents();
}
worksheet.SaveAs(saveFileName,missing,missing,missing,missing,missing,missing,missing,missing);
this.Caption.Visible= false;
this.Caption.Text= oldCaption;
range=worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[2,1],worksheet.Cells[ds1.Tables[0].Rows.Count+2,ds1.Tables[0].Columns.Count]);
range.BorderAround(Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous,Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin,Excel.XlColorIndex.xlColorIndexAutomatic,null);
range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideHorizontal].ColorIndex = Excel.XlColorIndex.xlColorIndexAutomatic;
range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideHorizontal].LineStyle =Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;
range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideHorizontal].Weight =Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin;
if(ds1.Tables[0].Columns.Count>1)
{
range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideVertical].ColorIndex=Excel.XlColorIndex.xlColorIndexAutomatic;
}
workbook.Close(missing,missing,missing);
xlApp.Quit();
}
三、附注:
虽然都是实现导出execl的功能,但在asp.net和winform的程序中,实现的代码是各不相同的。在asp.net中,是在服务器端读取数据,在服务器端把数据以ms-execl的格式,以Response输出到浏览器(客户端);而在winform中,是把数据读到客户端(因为winform运行端就是客户端),然后调用客户端安装的office组件,将读到的数据写在execl的工作簿中。
SqlConnection conn=new SqlConnection(System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["conn"]);
SqlDataAdapter da=new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tb1",conn);
DataSet ds=new DataSet();
da.Fill(ds,"table1");
DataTable dt=ds.Tables["table1"];
string name=System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["downloadurl"].ToString()+DateTime.Today.ToString("yyyyMMdd")+new Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond).Next(10000).ToString()+".csv";//存放到web.config中downloadurl指定的路径,文件格式为当前日期+4位随机数
FileStream fs=new FileStream(name,FileMode.Create,FileAccess.Write);
StreamWriter sw=new StreamWriter(fs,System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"));
sw.WriteLine("自动编号,姓名,年龄");
foreach(DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
{
sw.WriteLine(dr["ID"]+","+dr["vName"]+","+dr["iAge"]);
}
sw.Close();
Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + Server.UrlEncode(name));
Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";// 指定返回的是一个不能被客户端读取的流,必须被下载
Response.WriteFile(name); // 把文件流发送到客户端
Response.End();
在ASP.NET中使用Response.ContentType="类型名";来确定输出格式 'ez' => 'application/andrew-inset',
'hqx' => 'application/mac-binhex40',
'cpt' => 'application/mac-compactpro',
'doc' => 'application/msword',
'bin' => 'application/octet-stream',
'dms' => 'application/octet-stream',
'lha' => 'application/octet-stream',
'lzh' => 'application/octet-stream',
'exe' => 'application/octet-stream',
'class' => 'application/octet-stream',
'so' => 'application/octet-stream',
'dll' => 'application/octet-stream',
'oda' => 'application/oda',
'pdf' => 'application/pdf',
'ai' => 'application/postscript',
'eps' => 'application/postscript',
'ps' => 'application/postscript',
'smi' => 'application/smil',
'smil' => 'application/smil',
'mif' => 'application/vnd.mif',
'xls' => 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
'ppt' => 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
'wbxml' => 'application/vnd.wap.wbxml',
'wmlc' => 'application/vnd.wap.wmlc',
'wmlsc' => 'application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc',
'bcpio' => 'application/x-bcpio',
'vcd' => 'application/x-cdlink',
'pgn' => 'application/x-chess-pgn',
'cpio' => 'application/x-cpio',
'csh' => 'application/x-csh',
'dcr' => 'application/x-director',
'dir' => 'application/x-director',
'dxr' => 'application/x-director',
'dvi' => 'application/x-dvi',
'spl' => 'application/x-futuresplash',
'gtar' => 'application/x-gtar',
'hdf' => 'application/x-hdf',
'js' => 'application/x-javascript',
'skp' => 'application/x-koan',
'skd' => 'application/x-koan',
'skt' => 'application/x-koan',
'skm' => 'application/x-koan',
'latex' => 'application/x-latex',
'nc' => 'application/x-netcdf',
'cdf' => 'application/x-netcdf',
'sh' => 'application/x-sh',
'shar' => 'application/x-shar',
'swf' => 'application/x-shockwave-flash',
'sit' => 'application/x-stuffit',
'sv4cpio' => 'application/x-sv4cpio',
'sv4crc' => 'application/x-sv4crc',
'tar' => 'application/x-tar',
'tcl' => 'application/x-tcl',
'tex' => 'application/x-tex',
'texinfo' => 'application/x-texinfo',
'texi' => 'application/x-texinfo',
't' => 'application/x-troff',
'tr' => 'application/x-troff',
'roff' => 'application/x-troff',
'man' => 'application/x-troff-man',
'me' => 'application/x-troff-me',
'ms' => 'application/x-troff-ms',
'ustar' => 'application/x-ustar',
'src' => 'application/x-wais-source',
'xhtml' => 'application/xhtml+xml',
'xht' => 'application/xhtml+xml',
'zip' => 'application/zip',
'au' => 'audio/basic',
'snd' => 'audio/basic',
'mid' => 'audio/midi',
'midi' => 'audio/midi',
'kar' => 'audio/midi',
'mpga' => 'audio/mpeg',
'mp2' => 'audio/mpeg',
'mp3' => 'audio/mpeg',
'aif' => 'audio/x-aiff',
'aiff' => 'audio/x-aiff',
'aifc' => 'audio/x-aiff',
'm3u' => 'audio/x-mpegurl',
'ram' => 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',
'rm' => 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',
'rpm' => 'audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin',
'ra' => 'audio/x-realaudio',
'wav' => 'audio/x-wav',
'pdb' => 'chemical/x-pdb',
'xyz' => 'chemical/x-xyz',
'bmp' => 'image/bmp',
'gif' => 'image/gif',
'ief' => 'image/ief',
'jpeg' => 'image/jpeg',
'jpg' => 'image/jpeg',
'jpe' => 'image/jpeg',
'png' => 'image/png',
'tiff' => 'image/tiff',
'tif' => 'image/tiff',
'djvu' => 'image/vnd.djvu',
'djv' => 'image/vnd.djvu',
'wbmp' => 'image/vnd.wap.wbmp',
'ras' => 'image/x-cmu-raster',
'pnm' => 'image/x-portable-anymap',
'pbm' => 'image/x-portable-bitmap',
'pgm' => 'image/x-portable-graymap',
'ppm' => 'image/x-portable-pixmap',
'rgb' => 'image/x-rgb',
'xbm' => 'image/x-xbitmap',
'xpm' => 'image/x-xpixmap',
'xwd' => 'image/x-xwindowdump',
'igs' => 'model/iges',
'iges' => 'model/iges',
'msh' => 'model/mesh',
'mesh' => 'model/mesh',
'silo' => 'model/mesh',
'wrl' => 'model/vrml',
'vrml' => 'model/vrml',
'css' => 'text/css',
'html' => 'text/html',
'htm' => 'text/html',
'asc' => 'text/plain',
'txt' => 'text/plain',
'rtx' => 'text/richtext',
'rtf' => 'text/rtf',
'sgml' => 'text/sgml',
'sgm' => 'text/sgml',
'tsv' => 'text/tab-separated-values',
'wml' => 'text/vnd.wap.wml',
'wmls' => 'text/vnd.wap.wmlscript',
'etx' => 'text/x-setext',
'xsl' => 'text/xml',
'xml' => 'text/xml',
'mpeg' => 'video/mpeg',
'mpg' => 'video/mpeg',
'mpe' => 'video/mpeg',
'qt' => 'video/quicktime',
'mov' => 'video/quicktime',
'mxu' => 'video/vnd.mpegurl',
'avi' => 'video/x-msvideo',
'movie' => 'video/x-sgi-movie',
'ice' => 'x-conference/x-cooltalk'
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