... ...续Part I([原创] 我的WCF之旅(4):WCF中的序列化(Serialization)- Part I)
XMLSerializer
提到XMLSerializer,我想绝大多数人都知道这是asmx采用的Serializer。首先我们还是来看一个例子,通过比较ManagedType的结构和生成的XML的结构来总结这种序列化方式采用的是怎样的一种Mapping方式。和DataContractSerialzerSample一样,我们要定义用于序列化对象所属的Type——XMLOrder和XMLProduct,他们和相面对应的DataContractOrder和DataContractProduct具有相同的成员。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Artech.WCFSerialization
{
public class XMLProduct
{
Private Fields#region Private Fields
private Guid _productID;
private string _productName;
private string _producingArea;
private double _unitPrice;
Constructors#region Constructors
public XMLProduct()
{
Console.WriteLine("The constructor of XMLProduct has been invocated!");
}
public XMLProduct(Guid id, string name, string producingArea, double price)
{
this._productID = id;
this._productName = name;
this._producingArea = producingArea;
this._unitPrice = price;
}
#endregion
Properties#region Properties
public Guid ProductID
{
get { return _productID; }
set { _productID = value; }
}
public string ProductName
{
get { return _productName; }
set { _productName = value; }
}
internal string ProducingArea
{
get { return _producingArea; }
set { _producingArea = value; }
}
public double UnitPrice
{
get { return _unitPrice; }
set { _unitPrice = value; }
}
#endregion
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Artech.WCFSerialization
{
public class XMLOrder
{
private Guid _orderID;
private DateTime _orderDate;
private XMLProduct _product;
private int _quantity;
Constructors#region Constructors
public XMLOrder()
{
this._orderID = new Guid();
this._orderDate = DateTime.MinValue;
this._quantity = int.MinValue;
Console.WriteLine("The constructor of XMLOrder has been invocated!");
}
public XMLOrder(Guid id, DateTime date, XMLProduct product, int quantity)
{
this._orderID = id;
this._orderDate = date;
this._product = product;
this._quantity = quantity;
}
#endregion
Properties#region Properties
public Guid OrderID
{
get { return _orderID; }
set { _orderID = value; }
}
public DateTime OrderDate
{
get { return _orderDate; }
set { _orderDate = value; }
}
public XMLProduct Product
{
get { return _product; }
set { _product = value; }
}
public int Quantity
{
get { return _quantity; }
set { _quantity = value; }
}
#endregion
public override string ToString()
{
return string.Format("ID: {0}\nDate:{1}\nProduct:\n\tID:{2}\n\tName:{3}\n\tProducing Area:{4}\n\tPrice:{5}\nQuantity:{6}",
this._orderID,this._orderDate,this._product.ProductID,this._product.ProductName,this._product.ProducingArea,this._product.UnitPrice,this._quantity);
}
}
}
编写Serialization的Code.
static void SerializeViaXMLSerializer()
{
XMLProduct product = new XMLProduct(Guid.NewGuid(), "Dell PC", "Xiamen FuJian", 4500);
XMLOrder order = new XMLOrder(Guid.NewGuid(), DateTime.Today, product, 300);
string fileName = _basePath + "Order.XmlSerializer.xml";
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create))
{
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(XMLOrder));
using (XmlDictionaryWriter writer = XmlDictionaryWriter.CreateTextWriter(fs))
{
serializer.Serialize(writer, order);
}
}
Process.Start(fileName);
}
调用上面定义的方法,生成序列化的XML。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<XMLOrder xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<OrderID>b695fd18-9cd7-4792-968a-0c0c3a3962c2</OrderID>
<OrderDate>2007-03-09T00:00:00+08:00</OrderDate>
<Product>
<ProductID>23a2fe03-d0a0-4ce5-b213-c7e5196af566</ProductID>
<ProductName>Dell PC</ProductName>
<UnitPrice>4500</UnitPrice>
</Product>
<Quantity>300</Quantity>
</XMLOrder>
这里我们总结出以下的Mapping关系:
-
Root Element被指定为类名。
-
不会再Root Element中添加相应的Namaspace。
-
对象成员以XML Element的形式输出。
-
对象成员出现的顺利和在Type定义的顺序一致。
-
只有Public Field和可读可写得Proppery才会被序列化到XML中——比如定义在XMLProduct中的internal string ProducingArea没有出现在XML中。
-
Type定义的时候不需要运用任何Attribute。
以上这些都是默认的Mapping关系,同DataContractSerializer一样,我们可以通过在Type以及它的成员中运用一些Attribute来改这种默认的Mapping。
-
Root Element名称之后能为类名。
-
可以在Type上运用XMLRoot,通过Namaspace参数在Root Element指定Namespace。
-
可以通过在类成员上运用XMLElement Attribute和XMLAttribute Attribute指定对象成员转化成XMLElement还是XMLAttribute。并且可以通过NameSpace参数定义Namespace。
-
可以在XMLElement或者XMLAttribute Attribute 通过Order参数指定成员在XML出现的位置。
-
可以通过XmlIgnore attribute阻止对象成员被序列化。
基于上面这些,我们重新定义了XMLProduct和XMLOrder。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
namespace Artech.WCFSerialization
{
public class XMLProduct
{
Private Fields#region Private Fields
private Guid _productID;
private string _productName;
private string _producingArea;
private double _unitPrice;
#endregion
Constructors#region Constructors
public XMLProduct()
{
Console.WriteLine("The constructor of XMLProduct has been invocated!");
}
public XMLProduct(Guid id, string name, string producingArea, double price)
{
this._productID = id;
this._productName = name;
this._producingArea = producingArea;
this._unitPrice = price;
}
#endregion
Properties#region Properties
[XmlAttribute("id")]
public Guid ProductID
{
get { return _productID; }
set { _productID = value; }
}
[XmlElement("name")]
public string ProductName
{
get { return _productName; }
set { _productName = value; }
}
[XmlElement("producingArea")]
public string ProducingArea
{
get { return _producingArea; }
set { _producingArea = value; }
}
[XmlElement("price")]
public double UnitPrice
{
get { return _unitPrice; }
set { _unitPrice = value; }
}
#endregion
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
namespace Artech.WCFSerialization
{
[XmlRoot(Namespace = "http://artech.wcfSerialization/Samples/Order")]
public class XMLOrder
{
private Guid _orderID;
private DateTime _orderDate;
private XMLProduct _product;
private int _quantity;
Constructors#region Constructors
public XMLOrder()
{
this._orderID = new Guid();
this._orderDate = DateTime.MinValue;
this._quantity = int.MinValue;
Console.WriteLine("The constructor of XMLOrder has been invocated!");
}
public XMLOrder(Guid id, DateTime date, XMLProduct product, int quantity)
{
this._orderID = id;
this._orderDate = date;
this._product = product;
this._quantity = quantity;
}
#endregion
Properties#region Properties
[XmlAttribute("id")]
public Guid OrderID
{
get { return _orderID; }
set { _orderID = value; }
}
[XmlElement(ElementName = "date",Order = 3)]
public DateTime OrderDate
{
get { return _orderDate; }
set { _orderDate = value; }
}
[XmlElement(ElementName = "product", Order = 1, Namespace = "Http://Artech.WCFSerialization/Samples/Product")]
public XMLProduct Product
{
get { return _product; }
set { _product = value; }
}
[XmlElement(ElementName = "quantity", Order = 2)]
public int Quantity
{
get { return _quantity; }
set { _quantity = value; }
}
#endregion
public override string ToString()
{
return string.Format("ID: {0}\nDate:{1}\nProduct:\n\tID:{2}\n\tName:{3}\n\tProducing Area:{4}\n\tPrice:{5}\nQuantity:{6}",
this._orderID,this._orderDate,this._product.ProductID,this._product.ProductName,this._product.ProducingArea,this._product.UnitPrice,this._quantity);
}
}
}
重新进行一次Serialization。我们可以得到下面的XML。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<XMLOrder id="9a0bbda4-1743-4398-bc4f-ee216e02695b" xmlns="http://artech.wcfSerialization/Samples/Order" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<product id="4e3aabe5-3a51-4000-9fd8-d821d164572a" xmlns="Http://Artech.WCFSerialization/Samples/Product">
<name>Dell PC</name>
<producingArea>Xiamen FuJian</producingArea>
<price>4500</price>
</product>
<quantity>300</quantity>
<date>2007-03-09T00:00:00+08:00</date>
</XMLOrder>
分析完XMLSerializer的Serialization功能,我们照例来分析它的反向过程—Deserialization。下面的Deserialization的Code。
static void DeserializeViaXMLSerializer()
{
string fileName = _basePath + "Order.XmlSerializer.xml";
XMLOrder order;
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open))
{
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(XMLOrder), "http://artech.WCFSerialization/Samples");
using (XmlDictionaryReader reader = XmlDictionaryReader.CreateTextReader(fs, new XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas()))
{
order= serializer.Deserialize(reader) as XMLOrder;
}
}
Console.WriteLine(order);
Console.Read();
}
调用DeserializeViaXMLSerializer,得到下面的ScreenShot。下面显示的Order对象的信息和我们利用DataContractSerializaer进行Deserialization是的输出没有什么两样。不过有趣的是上面多出了两行额外的输出:The constructor of XMLProduct has beeninvocated! The constructor of XMLOrder has beeninvocated。而这个操作实际上是定义在XMLProduct和XMLOrder的默认(无参)构造函数里的。所此我们可以得出这样的结论——用XMLSerializer进程Deserialization,会调用的默认(无参)构造函数来初始化对象。
DataContractSerializer V.S. XMLSerializer
上面我们分别分析了两种不同的Serializer,现在我们来简单总结一下他们的区别:
特性
|
XMLSerializer
|
DataContractSerializer
|
默认Mapping
|
所有Public Field和可读可写Property
|
所有DataMember Filed、Property
|
是否需要Attribute
|
不需要
|
DataContract DataMember或者Serializable
|
成员的默认次序
|
Type中定义的顺序
|
字母排序
|
兼容性
|
.asmx
|
Remoting
|
Deserialzation
|
调用默认构造函数
|
不会调用
|