CSAPP-Preface

THIS IS FOR ENGLISH AND CS.

new words:

under the hood  /  right away   /  de facto   /   use the term "Unix" as an umbrella term for systems having Unix as their heritage,including Solaris,Mac OS and Linux /   delve deeper,studying such topics as computer architecture,operating systems  /  IA32(Intel Architecture 32 bits)  /  dual boot  /  control statements  /  explict dynamic memory allocation  / instruction set / optimizing program performance  /  assembly-language  /  K&R /basic instruction patterns /  parameter passing / security vulnerability(安全漏洞vulnerable弱势的)  / buffer overflow / processor architecture / memory hierarchy (存储器层次)/ locality of reference 访问局部性/ temporal locality / spatial locality / exceptional control flow / context swtiches / concurrent processes / nonlocal jumps / multiple processes / nondeterministic behavior / storage leaks / invalid pointer references / compelling context 强制上下文/ PV semaphore operations / reentrancy 可重入/ race condition 竞争条件/ deedlocks / s 

sentence：

Regardless of your programming background,consider K&R an essential part of your personal systems library.

We cover computer arithmetic ,emphasizing the properties of unsigned and two's-complement representations that affect programmings.

我们介绍了计算机的计算方法，强调了无符号的性质和二进制补码表示，这些都影响着编程。

 two's complement arithmetic satisfies the algebraic properties of a ring,hence  a compiler can safely transform multiplication  by a constant into a sequence of shifts and adds.

二进制补码算术满足环的代数性质，因此编译器可以安全地将一个常量乘法转换为一系列的移位和加法。

 

Having a solid understanding of computer arithmetic is critical to writing reliable programs.

对计算机算术的深刻理解是写出可靠程序的关键。

 

We start with transformation that reduce the work to be done by a program and hence should be strandard practice when writing any program for any machine.

我们从与机器无关的程序转换开始，因此这些标准做法在写任何程序时都应该遵守（疑问）。

 

the object files produced by linkers are tied to concepts such as loading,virtual memory and memory mapping.

链接器生成的目标文件是与一些加载、虚拟存储器和存储器映射这样的概念相关的。