HashTable
HashTable
HashTable 也是一个 key-value的集合,任何一个非null
的对象都可以用来当做一个key或者value。
HashTable 有两个重要的影响因素:initial capacity
和load factor
。
当HashTable内的元素个数与容量的占比高于load factor
,HashTable就会构造一个容量表,并将原有的内容复制过去。
public class Hashtable<K,V>
extends Dictionary<K,V>
implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {
因为HashTable实现的很早,所以它继承的是一个老旧的Dictionary类,Dictionary类已经过时了。
HashTable定义的变量:
//内部使用了Entry对象作为元素,HashMap使用实现了Entry接口的Node类。
private transient Entry<?,?>[] table;
/**
* The total number of entries in the hash table.
*/
private transient int count;
/**
* The table is rehashed when its size exceeds this threshold. (The
* value of this field is (int)(capacity * loadFactor).)
*
* @serial
*/
private int threshold;
/**
* The load factor for the hashtable.
*
* @serial
*/
private float loadFactor;
/**
* The number of times this Hashtable has been structurally modified
* Structural modifications are those that change the number of entries in
* the Hashtable or otherwise modify its internal structure (e.g.,
* rehash). This field is used to make iterators on Collection-views of
* the Hashtable fail-fast. (See ConcurrentModificationException).
*/
private transient int modCount = 0;
上面这些变量经常在容器类里面出现。
HashTable的构造函数:
public Hashtable(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Load: "+loadFactor);
if (initialCapacity==0)
initialCapacity = 1;
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
//同样是使用数组来保存
table = new Entry<?,?>[initialCapacity];
threshold = (int)Math.min(initialCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);
}
HashTable的所有方法都加上了修饰符 synchronized
,这表示HashTable的所有方法都是线程安全的。
PUT方法:
1.通过hash找数组中对应的下标指向的链表,如果链表中有相同的key,替换,并返回原来的值。
2.如果找不到就新增加一个Entry,并插入index所在的位置。此时如果表中的元素个数大于阈值,那么就进行rehash。
public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {
// Make sure the value is not null
if (value == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
// Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
//获取hash值
int hash = key.hashCode();
//获取hash值在表中的位置
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
//在对应的entry链表中进行查找,如果找到进行替换,并返回旧的值
Entry<K,V> entry = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for(; entry != null ; entry = entry.next) {
if ((entry.hash == hash) && entry.key.equals(key)) {
V old = entry.value;
entry.value = value;
return old;
}
}
//如果找不到,那么就插入
addEntry(hash, key, value, index);
return null;
}
在插入的时候,如果当前的个数大于了阈值,就进行rehash,并创造一个新的Entry来保存元素。
private void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int index) {
modCount++;
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
if (count >= threshold) {
// Rehash the table if the threshold is exceeded
rehash();
tab = table;
hash = key.hashCode();
index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
}
// Creates the new entry.
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>) tab[index];
tab[index] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
count++;
}
GET方法:
理解PUT方法,再理解GET方法就很简单了。
public synchronized V get(Object key) {
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
return (V)e.value;
}
}
return null;
}
REHASH方法:
1.计算新的容量,如果大于MAX_ARRAY_SIZE,就使用MAX_ARRAY_SIZE作为新的容量。
2.生成新的数组
3.对原来数组的每个内容重新进行hash分配。
protected void rehash() {
int oldCapacity = table.length;
Entry<?,?>[] oldMap = table;
// overflow-conscious code
int newCapacity = (oldCapacity << 1) + 1;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) {
if (oldCapacity == MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
// Keep running with MAX_ARRAY_SIZE buckets
return;
newCapacity = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}
Entry<?,?>[] newMap = new Entry<?,?>[newCapacity];
modCount++;
threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);
table = newMap;
for (int i = oldCapacity ; i-- > 0 ;) {
for (Entry<K,V> old = (Entry<K,V>)oldMap[i] ; old != null ; ) {
Entry<K,V> e = old;
old = old.next;
int index = (e.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % newCapacity;
e.next = (Entry<K,V>)newMap[index];
newMap[index] = e;
}
}
}
HASHTABLE 和HASHMAP的区别:
- hashtable是线程安全的,hashmap不是线程安全的。
- hashmap允许null作为key和value,hashtable不行。
posted on 2016-06-08 16:57 walkwalkwalk 阅读(269) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报