解析模块

解析模块

drf的解析模块(了解) - 服务的对象是数据包数据
1、可以在视图类中通过parser_classes类属性对该视图的数据包解析做配置 - 局部配置
2、可以在项目的配置文件的drf配置中通过DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES对该视图的数据包解析做配置 - 全局配置

核心:请求的数据包格式会有三种(json、urlencoded、form-data),drf默认支持三种数据的解析,可以全局或局部配置视图类具体支持的解析方式

用法

,系统默认三种都是支持的,主要是设置用户请求的数据包,进行配置,要求只要一种数据,方便使用。

解析器的作用

根据请求头 content-type 选择对应的解析器对请求体内容进行处理。

有application/json,x-www-form-urlencoded,form-data等格式

全局使用解析器

  • settings.py配置
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser',
        'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',
        'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser',
    ],
}

  • urls.py配置
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'test/', TestView.as_view()),
]
  • 视图函数
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

class TestView(APIView):
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request.content_type)

        # 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理
        print(request.data)
        # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值
        print(request.POST)
        print(request.FILES)
        return Response('POST请求,响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')

局部使用解析器

仅处理请求头content-type为application/json的请求体

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser  # json格式
from rest_framework.parsers import FormParser
from rest_framework.parsers import MultiPartParser


# JSONParser: json数据
# FormParser: urlencoded
# MultiPartParser:form-data
class Book(APIView):
    parser_classes = [JSONParser,]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('get ok')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request._request.GET)
        print(request.data)
        print(request.data.dict())
        # print(request.data.dict())
        return Response({
            'status': 0,
            'msg': "post ok"
        })

仅处理请求头content-type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded 的请求体

 parser_classes = [FormParser]

仅处理请求头content-type为multipart/form-data的请求体

parser_classes = [MultiPartParser,]

仅上传文件

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'test/(?P<filename>[^/]+)', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
]
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.parsers import FileUploadParser


class TestView(APIView):
    parser_classes = [FileUploadParser, ]

    def post(self, request, filename, *args, **kwargs):
        print(filename)
        print(request.content_type)

        # 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理
        print(request.data)
        # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值
        print(request.POST)
        print(request.FILES)
        return Response('POST请求,响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/f1.numbers" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="text" name="user" />
    <input type="file" name="img">

    <input type="submit" value="提交">

</form>
</body>
</html>

同时多个Parser

当同时使用多个parser时,rest framework会根据请求头content-type自动进行比对,并使用对应parser

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
]
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser


class TestView(APIView):
    parser_classes = [JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser, ]

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request.content_type)

        # 获取请求的值,并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理
        print(request.data)
        # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时,request.POST中才有值
        print(request.POST)
        print(request.FILES)
        return Response('POST请求,响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求,响应内容')

源码分析

解析模块源码分析
1、APIView的dispatch方法:self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)内部还提供了数据解析
2、self.get_parser_context(request)提供要解析的数据,self.get_parsers()提供解析的类对象(内部从配置中找解析类)

入口:dispatch()方法

request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Returns the initial request object.
        """
        # 准备要解析的内容

        parser_context = self.get_parser_context(request)

        return Request(
            request,
            # 解析模块,在封装原生的request的时候,将数据一并解析

            parsers=self.get_parsers(),#获取解析类
            authenticators=self.get_authenticators(),# 处理请求
            negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(),# 处理导航的
            parser_context=parser_context
        )

解析的内容

    def get_parser_context(self, http_request):
        """
        Returns a dict that is passed through to Parser.parse(),
        as the `parser_context` keyword argument.
        """
        # Note: Additionally `request` and `encoding` will also be added
        #       to the context by the Request object.

        # 压迫被解析的内容
        return {
            'view': self,
            'args': getattr(self, 'args', ()),
            'kwargs': getattr(self, 'kwargs', {})
        }
    def get_parsers(self):
        """
        Instantiates and returns the list of parsers that this view can use.
        """
        # 能够完成局部和全局的 配置
        return [parser() for parser in self.parser_classes]

# 1 在调用request.data时,才进行解析,由此入手
    @property
    def data(self):
        if not _hasattr(self, '_full_data'):
            self._load_data_and_files()
        return self._full_data
        
# 2 查看self._load_data_and_files()方法---->self._data, self._files = self._parse()

        def _parse(self):
            #用户请求头里content_type的值
            media_type = self.content_type

            #self.parsers 就是用户配置的parser_classes = [FileUploadParser,FormParser ]
            #self里就有content_type,传入此函数
            parser = self.negotiator.select_parser(self, self.parsers)

# 3 查看self.negotiator.select_parser(self, self.parsers)
     def select_parser(self, request, parsers):
        #同过media_type和request.content_type比较,来返回解析器,然后调用解析器的解析方法
        #每个解析器都有media_type = 'multipart/form-data'属性
        for parser in parsers:
            if media_type_matches(parser.media_type, request.content_type):
                return parser
        return None
    
# 4 最终调用parser的解析方法来解析parsed = parser.parse(stream, media_type, self.parser_context)
# 1 Request实例化,parsers=self.get_parsers()
    Request(
                request,
                parsers=self.get_parsers(),
                authenticators=self.get_authenticators(),
                negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(),
                parser_context=parser_context
            )
# 2 get_parsers方法,循环实例化出self.parser_classes中类对象
    def get_parsers(self):
        return [parser() for parser in self.parser_classes]            

# 3 self.parser_classes 先从类本身找,找不到去父类找即APIVIew 中的
    parser_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES
# 4 api_settings是一个对象,对象里找DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES属性,找不到,会到getattr方法
        def __getattr__(self, attr):
            if attr not in self.defaults:
                raise AttributeError("Invalid API setting: '%s'" % attr)

            try:
                #调用self.user_settings方法,返回一个字典,字典再取attr属性
                val = self.user_settings[attr]
            except KeyError:
                # Fall back to defaults
                val = self.defaults[attr]

            # Coerce import strings into classes
            if attr in self.import_strings:
                val = perform_import(val, attr)

            # Cache the result
            self._cached_attrs.add(attr)
            setattr(self, attr, val)
            return val
 # 5 user_settings方法 ,通过反射去setting配置文件里找REST_FRAMEWORK属性,找不到,返回空字典
    @property
    def user_settings(self):
        if not hasattr(self, '_user_settings'):
            self._user_settings = getattr(settings, 'REST_FRAMEWORK', {})
        return self._user_settings
posted @ 2019-11-20 08:40  豆瓣酱瓣豆  阅读(275)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报