python递归

75递归

递归的核心: 递进的时候能够达到一个结果,问题规模越来越小(不一定要真正的达到); 设置一个条件,能够让最后一次函数调用结束;

递归代码(递归更多的是一种思想,用来解决某种问题)

递归是函数调用函数本身,然后有结束条件

一、什么是函数递归

函数的嵌套调用是:函数嵌套函数。函数的递归调用:它是一种特殊的嵌套调用,但是它在调用一个函数的过程中,又直接或者间接的调用了它自身。

def foo():
    print ('from foo')
    foo()
foo()
#这个会死循环

如果递归不断地调用函数自身,那么这个递归函数将会进入一个死循环,因此我们应该给递归函数一个明确的结束条件。

1.1直接调用

直接调用是指:直接在函数内部调用函数自身。

import sys
print(f'最大递归层数:{sys.getrecursionlimit()}')


#输出:
最大递归层数:1000


# 在python3中最大递归层数是1000层

import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(10000)# 可以修改递归层数

def foo(n):
    print('from foo',n)
    foo(n+1)
foo(0)

1.2间接调用

间接调用指的是:不在原函数体内调用函数自身,而且是通过其他的方法间接调用函数自身。

def bar():
    print('from bar')
    foo()
def foo():
    print('from foo')
    bar()
bar()

递归必须要又俩个明确的阶段

  1. 递推:一层一层递归调用下去,进入下一层递归的问题规模都将会减小。
  2. 回溯:递归必须要有一个明确的结束条件,在满足该条件开始一层一层回溯。递归的精髓在于通过不断的重复逼近一个最终的结果。
line = [1 ,2,3,4,5,6]
def howmanyin(lst):
    if lst[1:]:
        print("hello")
        return 1+howmanyin(lst[1:])
    else:
        print('just me')
        return 1
howmanyin(line)


#输出:
hello
hello
hello
hello
hello
just me

def age(n):
    if n==1:
        return 26
    res = age(n-1)+2
    return res
print(age(5))


#输出:
34
# 求年龄

# 16/18/20/22/24

# 我知道第一个人的年龄16,我要求出5个人后的年龄-->26


age = 16


# 这就叫递归,有空的去看看 汉诺塔  # age_func(5)  = age_func(4) = age_func(3) = age_func(2) = age_func(1) = age_func(0) =26
def age_func(x):  # x的规模在减小  # x = 5 # x =4 # x =3 # x =2  # x = 1 # x = 0
    global age
    if x == 0:
        return age  # 终止函数,age=26,这是age_func(0)
    # age = 18 # age = 20  # age 22  # age = 24 # age = 26
    return age_func(x - 1) + 2  # age_func(4) # age_func(3) # age_func(2) # age_func(1) # age_func(0)


res = age_func(5)
print(res)  # 26

'''
age_func(5) --> age = 18  --> return age_func(4) # return 26
age_func(4) --> age = 20 --> return age_func(3)
age_func(3) --> age = 22 --> return age_func(2) 
age_func(2) --> age = 24 --> return age_func(1)  == return age_func(0)  == return age == return 26
age_func(1) --> age = 26 --> return age_func(0) == return age == return 26

return age # age = 26
'''

'''
age_func(5) --> return age_func(4)+2 == 24+2 =26
age_func(4) --> return age_func(3)+2 == 22+2 = 24
age_func(3) --> return age_func(2)+2 == 20+2 = 22
age_func(2) --> return age_func(1)+2 == 18+2 = 20
age_func(1) --> return age_func(0)+2  == 16+2= 18
'''

def func(n):
    age = 16
    age = age + 2 * n
    return age
res = func(10)
print(res)


为什么要用递归

递归的本质就是干重复的活,但是仅仅是普通的重复,我们使用while循环就可以了。

lis = [1,[2,[3,[4,[5,[6,]]]]]]
def tell(lis):
    for i in lis:
        if type(i) is list:
            tell(i)
        else:
            print(i)
tell(lis)


#输出:
1
2
3
4
5
6

三、如何用递归

3.1 二分法的应用

有一个从小到大排列的整型数字列表,我们判断某一个数字是不是在这个列表里面。

nums = [1,3,7,11,22,34,55,78,111,115]
for item in nums:
    if item == 10:
        print('find it')
        break
    else:
        print('not exists')
        
 #输出:
not exists
not exists
not exists
not exists
not exists
not exists
not exists
not exists
not exists
not exists

from random import randint
nums = [randint(1,100) for i in range(100)]
nums = sorted(nums)
print(nums)

#输出:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 15, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 22, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 30, 32, 32, 35, 35, 36, 36, 36, 38, 39, 39, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 45, 47, 47, 52, 52, 54, 54, 55, 55, 57, 57, 57, 57, 57, 58, 61, 61, 61, 62, 63, 63, 65, 66, 66, 66, 66, 67, 68, 70, 70, 72, 74, 74, 75, 80, 82, 82, 84, 85, 85, 85, 85, 86, 86, 86, 89, 91, 94, 94, 97, 97, 97, 98, 99]
nums = [1, 3, 7, 11, 22, 34, 55, 78, 111, 115]
def search(search_num,nums):
    mid_index = len(nums)//2
    print(nums)
    if not nums:
        print('not exists')
    if search_num>nums[mid_index]:
        nums=nums[mid_index+1:]
        search(search_num,nums)
    elif search_num<nums[mid_index]:
        nums = nums[:mid_index]
        search(search_num,nums)
    else:
        print('find it')
search(7,nums)

#输出:
[1, 3, 7, 11, 22, 34, 55, 78, 111, 115]
[1, 3, 7, 11, 22]
find it

posted @ 2019-08-14 19:17  豆瓣酱瓣豆  阅读(219)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报