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| Set Operations in the Unix Shell |
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| Created by Peter Krumins (peter@catonmat.net, @pkrumins on twitter) |
| www.catonmat.net -- good coders code, great coders reuse |
| |
| Released under the GNU Free Document License |
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Set operations covered in this document:
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- Set Membership.
- Set Equality.
- Set Cardinality.
- Subset Test.
- Set Union.
- Set Intersection.
- Set Complement.
- Set Symmetric Difference.
- Power Set.
- Set Cartesian Product.
- Disjoint Set Test.
- Empty Set Test.
- Minimum.
- Maximum.
Full explanation of these operations at:
http://www.catonmat.net/blog/set-operations-in-unix-shell/
Set Membership
--------------
$ grep -xc 'element' set # outputs 1 if element is in set
# outputs >1 if set is a multi-set
# outputs 0 if element is not in set
$ grep -xq 'element' set # returns 0 (true) if element is in set
# returns 1 (false) if element is not in set
$ awk '$0 == "element" { s=1; exit } END { exit !s }' set
# returns 0 if element is in set, 1 otherwise.
$ awk -v e='element' '$0 == e { s=1; exit } END { exit !s }' set
Set Equality
------------
$ diff -q <(sort set1) <(sort set2) # returns 0 if set1 is equal to set2
# returns 1 if set1 != set2
$ diff -q <(sort set1 | uniq) <(sort set2 | uniq)
# collapses multi-sets into sets and does the same as previous
$ awk '{ if (!($0 in a)) c++; a[$0] } END{ exit !(c==NR/2) }' set1 set2
# returns 0 if set1 == set2
# returns 1 if set1 != set2
$ awk '{ a[$0] } END{ exit !(length(a)==NR/2) }' set1 set2
# same as previous, requires >= gnu awk 3.1.5
Set Cardinality
---------------
$ wc -l set | cut -d' ' -f1 # outputs number of elements in set
$ wc -l < set
$ awk 'END { print NR }' set
Subset Test
-----------
$ comm -23 <(sort subset | uniq) <(sort set | uniq) | head -1
# outputs something if subset is not a subset of set
# does not putput anything if subset is a subset of set
$ awk 'NR==FNR { a[$0]; next } { if !($0 in a) exit 1 }' set subset
# returns 0 if subset is a subset of set
# returns 1 if subset is not a subset of set
Set Union
---------
$ cat set1 set2 # outputs union of set1 and set2
# assumes they are disjoint
$ awk 1 set1 set2 # ditto
$ cat set1 set2 ... setn # union over n sets
$ cat set1 set2 | sort -u # same, but assumes they are not disjoint
$ sort set1 set2 | uniq
$ sort -u set1 set2
$ awk '!a[$0]++' # ditto
Set Intersection
----------------
$ comm -12 <(sort set1) <(sort set2) # outputs insersect of set1 and set2
$ grep -xF -f set1 set2
$ sort set1 set2 | uniq -d
$ join <(sort -n A) <(sort -n B)
$ awk 'NR==FNR { a[$0]; next } $0 in a' set1 set2
Set Complement
--------------
$ comm -23 <(sort set1) <(sort set2)
# outputs elements in set1 that are not in set2
$ grep -vxF -f set2 set1 # ditto
$ sort set2 set2 set1 | uniq -u # ditto
$ awk 'NR==FNR { a[$0]; next } !($0 in a)' set2 set1
Set Symmetric Difference
------------------------
$ comm -3 <(sort set1) <(sort set2) | sed 's/\t//g'
# outputs elements that are in set1 or in set2 but not both
$ comm -3 <(sort set1) <(sort set2) | tr -d '\t'
$ sort set1 set2 | uniq -u
$ cat <(grep -vxF -f set1 set2) <(grep -vxF -f set2 set1)
$ grep -vxF -f set1 set2; grep -vxF -f set2 set1
$ awk 'NR==FNR { a[$0]; next } $0 in a { delete a[$0]; next } 1;
END { for (b in a) print b }' set1 set2
Power Set
---------
$ p() { [ $# -eq 0 ] && echo || (shift; p "$@") |
while read r ; do echo -e "$1 $r\n$r"; done }
$ p `cat set`
# no nice awk solution, you are welcome to email me one: peter@catonmat.net
Set Cartesian Product
---------------------
$ while read a; do while read b; do echo "$a, $b"; done < set1; done < set2
$ awk 'NR==FNR { a[$0]; next } { for (i in a) print i, $0 }' set1 set2
Disjoint Set Test
-----------------
$ comm -12 <(sort set1) <(sort set2) # does not output anything if disjoint
$ awk '++seen[$0] == 2 { exit 1 }' set1 set2 # returns 0 if disjoint
# returns 1 if not
Empty Set Test
--------------
$ wc -l set | cut -d' ' -f1 # outputs 0 if the set is empty
# outputs >0 if the set is not empty
$ wc -l < set
$ awk '{ exit 1 }' set # returns 0 if set is empty, 1 otherwise
Minimum
-------
$ head -1 <(sort set) # outputs the minimum element in the set
$ awk 'NR == 1 { min = $0 } $0 < min { min = $0 } END { print min }'
Maximum
-------
$ tail -1 <(sort set) # outputs the maximum element in the set
$ awk 'NR == 1 { max = $0 } $0 > max { max = $0 } END { print max }'
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.
| Created by Peter Krumins (peter@catonmat.net, @pkrumins on twitter) |
| www.catonmat.net -- good coders code, great coders reuse |
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| Thanks to waldner and pgas from #awk on FreeNode |
| Power set function by Andreas: http://lysium.de/blog |
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