修炼Python基础篇-set学习

Python的set和其他语言类似,是一个无序不重复元素集,基本功能包括关系测试和消除元素;


  1. add:添加一个元素到集合;

    1. a =set()
    2. a.add('aa')
    3. print(a)
    4. {'aa'}

     

  2. clear:清除集合里面所有的元素;

    1. a =set(['aa','bb',12,'aa'])
    2. print(a)
    3. {'aa',12,'bb'}
    4. a.clear()
    5. print(a)
    6. set()

     

  3. copy:浅复制集合生成一个新的集合;

    1. a =set(['aa','bb',12,'aa'])
    2. b = a.copy()
    3. print(b)
    4. {'aa',12,'bb'}

     

  4. difference:差集,返回由两个或多个集合中不同的元素组成一个新的集合;

    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11])
    2. b = set(['bb','cc',22])
    3. ret1 = a.difference(b) #a和b对比,返回a存在b不存在的元素;
    4. ret2 = b.difference(a) #b和a对比,返回b存在a不存在的元素;
    5. print(ret1)
    6. {11,'aa'}
    7. print(ret2)
    8. {22,'cc'}

     

  5. difference_update:差集,从当前集合中移除其它集合中所拥有的元素;

    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11])
    2. b = set(['bb','cc',22])
    3. ret1 = a.difference_update(b) #a和b对比,返回a中存在b不存在的元素,并更新自己的集合;
    4. print(a)
    5. {11,'aa'}

     

  6. discard:删除指定的元素,如果不存在不报错;

    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11])
    2. b = a.discard('aa')
    3. c = a.discard('dd')
    4. d = a.discard('')
    5. print(a)
    6. {11,'bb'}
    7. print(b)
    8. None
    9. print(c)
    10. None
    11. print(d)
    12. None

     

  7. intersection:交集,返回由两个或多个集合中相同的元素组成一个新的集合;

    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11])
    2. b = set(['bb','cc',22])
    3. ret1 = a.intersection(b)    #a和b相比,返回a存在b也存在的元素;
    4. ret2 = b.intersection(a) #b和a对比,返回b存在a也存在的元素;
    5. print(a)
    6. {11, 'aa', 'bb'}
    7. print(b)
    8. {'cc', 22, 'bb'}
    9. print(ret1)
    10. {'bb'}
    11. print(ret2)
    12. {'bb'}

     

  8. intersection_update:交集,从当前集合中移除其它集合中不拥有的元素;

    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11])
    2. b = set(['bb','cc',22])
    3. ret1 = a.intersection_update(b)
    4. print(a)
    5. {'bb'}
    6. print(ret1)
    7. None

     

  9. isdisjoint:如果两个集合没有交集返回True;
    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11])
    2. b = set(['aa','cc',22])
    3. x = set(['dd','cc',22])
    4. a.isdisjoint(b)    #a与b是否有交集,有返回False;
    5. False
    6. a.isdisjoint(x)    #a与x是否有交集,没有返回True;
    7. True
    8. b.isdisjoint(a)
    9. False
    10. x.isdisjoint(a)
    11. True
  10. issubset:判断a集合是否是b集合的子集;
    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11])
    2. b = set(['aa','bb',11,'dd'])
    3. c = set(['bb',22])
    4. a.issubset(b)    #a是否是b的子集,是则返回True;
    5. True
    6. c.issubset(b)    #c是否是b的子集,不是则返回False;
    7. False
  11. issuperset:判断a集合是否是b集合的父集;
    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11,'cc',22])
    2. b =set(['aa',11])
    3. c =set(['aa',11,'dd'])
    4. a.issuperset(b)    #a是否是b的父集,是则返回True;
    5. True
    6. a.issuperset(c)    #a是否是c的父集,不是则返回False;
    7. False
  12. pop:随机删除集合中的一个元素;
    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11,'cc',22])
    2. print(a)
    3. {'cc',11,'aa',22,'bb'}
    4. a.pop()
    5. 'cc'
    6. print(a)
    7. {11,'aa',22,'bb'}
  13. remove:删除集合中指定的一个元素,如果不存在不报错;
    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11,'cc',22])
    2. a.remove('aa')
    3. print(a)
    4. {'cc',11,22,'bb'}
  14. symmetric_difference:对称差,返回两个集合的差集,生成新的集合;
    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11])
    2. b = set(['aa,','cc',22])
    3. ret1 = a.symmetric_difference(b)
    4. ret2 = b.symmetric_difference(a)
    5. print(ret1)
    6. {'bb',11,'aa','aa,',22,'cc'}
    7. print(ret2)
    8. {'bb',11,'aa','aa,',22,'cc'}
    9. print(a)
    10. {11,'aa','bb'}
    11. print(b)
    12. {'aa,',22,'cc'}
  15. symmetric_difference_update:对称差,返回两个几个的差集,不生成新的集合;
    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11])
    2. b = set(['aa,','cc',22])
    3. ret1 = a.symmetric_difference_update(b)
    4. print(ret1)
    5. None
    6. print(a)
    7. {'bb',11,'aa','aa,',22,'cc'}
  16. union:返回a和b的并集;
    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11])
    2. b = set(['aa,','cc',22])
    3. c = a.union(b)
    4. print(c)
    5. {'aa,',22,'bb',11,'aa','cc'}
  17. update:更新自身集合;
    1. a = set(['aa','bb',11])
    2. b = set(['aa,','cc',22])
    3. b.update(a)
    4. print(b)
    5. {'aa,',22,'bb',11,'aa','cc'}
posted @ 2017-01-19 22:32  Saviorsyang  阅读(201)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报