Mysql 多表查询
交叉连接 不适用任何匹配条件。生成笛卡尔积
select * from employee,department; select * from employee CROSS JOIN department select * from employee INNER JOIN department
CROSS JOIN 与 INNER JOIN 的表现是一样的,在不指定 ON 条件得到的结果都是笛卡尔积。
内连接 只连接匹配的行 inner join
select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
找两张表共有的部分,相当于利用条件从笛卡尔积结果中筛选出了正确的结果
外链接之左连接 优先显示左表全部记录 left join
select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee left join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
外链接之右连接 优先显示右表全部记录 right join
select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee right join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
全外连接 显示左右两个表全部记录
全外连接:在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的和右边有左边没有的结果 注意:mysql不支持全外连接 full JOIN 强调:mysql可以使用此种方式间接实现全外连接
select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id union select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
子查询
# 1:子查询是将一个查询语句嵌套在另一个查询语句中。 # 2:内层查询语句的查询结果,可以为外层查询语句提供查询条件。 # 3:子查询中可以包含:IN、NOT IN、ANY、ALL、EXISTS 和 NOT EXISTS等关键字 # 4:还可以包含比较运算符:= 、 !=、> 、<等 # 查询平均年龄在25岁以上的部门名 select id,name from department where id in (select dep_id from employee group by dep_id having avg(age) > 25); # 查看技术部员工姓名 select name from employee where dep_id in (select id from department where name='技术'); # 查看不足1人的部门名(子查询得到的是有人的部门id) select name from department where id not in (select distinct dep_id from employee); # 查询大于所有人平均年龄的员工名与年龄 select name,age from emp where age > (select avg(age) from emp); # 查询大于部门内平均年龄的员工名、年龄 select t1.name,t1.age from emp t1 inner join (select dep_id,avg(age) avg_age from emp group by dep_id) t2 on t1.dep_id = t2.dep_id where t1.age > t2.avg_age; # 带EXISTS关键字的子查询 # EXISTS关字键字表示存在。在使用EXISTS关键字时,内层查询语句不返回查询的记录。 # 而是返回一个真假值。True或False # 当返回True时,外层查询语句将进行查询;当返回值为False时,外层查询语句不进行查询 select * from employee where exists (select id from department where id=200)