表约束之自定义实现约束规则
问题1:
/*表名:TAB ID ParentID Name 1 0 A 2 1 A-B 3 1 A-C 约束父ID(ParentID)只能为0或TAB.ID记录 */
方法1:(用函数实现自定义规则)
USE tempdb go if OBJECT_ID('TAB','U') is not null drop table TAB go CREATE TABLE TAB(ID int not null unique,ParentID int not null,Name varchar(10) not null) go if OBJECT_ID('fn_chk_ParentID','fn') is not null drop function fn_chk_ParentID go create function fn_chk_ParentID(@ParentID int) returns bit as begin if @ParentID=0 OR exists(select 1 from Tab where ID=@ParentID and ID<>ParentID) return 1 return 0 end go ALTER TABLE TAB ADD CONSTRAINT CHK_TAB_ParentID CHECK(DBO.fn_chk_ParentID(ParentID)=1) GO insert into TAB values(1,0,'A'),(2,1,N'A-B'),(3,1,N'A-C'),(4,0,'D')--OK insert into TAB values(5,5,'D-E')--Error /* 消息 547,级别 16,状态 0,第 24 行 INSERT 语句与 CHECK 约束"CHK_TAB_ParentID"冲突。该冲突发生于数据库"tempdb",表"dbo.TAB", column 'ParentID'。 语句已终止。 */ select * from TAB /* ID ParentID Name 1 0 A 2 1 A-B 3 1 A-C 4 0 D */ drop table Tab drop function fn_chk_ParentID
方法2:(用触发器实现自定义规则)
USE tempdb go if OBJECT_ID('TAB','U') is not null drop table TAB go CREATE TABLE TAB(ID int not null unique,ParentID int not null,Name varchar(10) not null) go create trigger tr_cTAB on TAB instead of insert as begin if exists(select 1 from inserted as i where i.ParentID<>0 AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM TAB WHERE ID=i.ParentID)) BEGIN RAISERROR (N'ParentID不正确',16,1) RETURN END INSERT INTO TAB(ID,ParentID,Name) SELECT ID,ParentID,Name FROM INSERTED end GO insert into TAB values(1,0,'A')--OK insert into TAB values(2,1,N'A-B'),(3,1,N'A-C')--OK insert into TAB values(4,0,'D')--OK insert into TAB values(5,5,'D-E')--Error /* 消息 50000,级别 16,状态 1,过程 tr_cTAB,第 31 行 ParentID不正确 */ select * from TAB /* ID ParentID Name 1 0 A 2 1 A-B 3 1 A-C 4 0 D */ drop table Tab
问题2:
引用论坛网友提出的问题
http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/390961501
/*表:TAB billno BM0001-20141211 BM0002-20141212 要求substring(billno,3,4)不能重复,即不能增加BM0001-20141212 */
方法1:(不改变表结构的情况下用函数实现自定义规则)
USE tempdb go if OBJECT_ID('TAB','U') is not null drop table TAB go CREATE TABLE TAB(billno VARCHAR(50) ) go if OBJECT_ID('fn_chkBillNo','fn') is not null drop function fn_chkBillNo go create function fn_chkBillNo(@billno varchar(50)) returns bit as begin if exists(select 1 from TAB where SUBSTRING(billno,3,4)=SUBSTRING(@billno,3,4) having count(1)>1)--大于1 return 1 return 0 end go ALTER TABLE TAB ADD CONSTRAINT chk_TAB_billno check(dbo.fn_chkBillNo(billno)=0) go INSERT INTO TAB(billno) VALUES('BM0001-20141211')--OK INSERT INTO TAB(billno) VALUES('BM0001-20141211')--Error select * from TAB /* billno BM0001-20141211 */ DROP TABLE TAB drop function fn_chkBillNo
方法2:(不改变表结构的情况下用触发器实现自定义规则)
USE tempdb go CREATE TABLE TAB(billno VARCHAR(50) ) go go CREATE TRIGGER tr_cTAB ON TAB INSTEAD OF INSERT AS BEGIN IF EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM INSERTED AS i WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM TAB WHERE SUBSTRING(billno,3,4)=SUBSTRING(i.billno,3,4))) BEGIN RAISERROR (N'bill重复',16,1) RETURN END INSERT INTO TAB SELECT billno FROM INSERTED END GO INSERT INTO TAB(billno) VALUES('BM0001-20141211')--OK INSERT INTO TAB(billno) VALUES('BM0001-20141211')--Error select * from TAB /* billno BM0001-20141211 */ DROP TABLE TAB
方法3:(通过改变表结构新增一列计算列实现自定义规则)
USE tempdb go CREATE TABLE TAB(billno VARCHAR(50) ) go ALTER TABLE TAB ADD CHK_billno AS SUBSTRING(billno,3,4) UNIQUE go GO INSERT INTO TAB(billno) VALUES('BM0001-20141211')--OK INSERT INTO TAB(billno) VALUES('BM0001-20141211')--Error select * from TAB /* billno BM0001-20141211 */ DROP TABLE TAB