图书管理系统作业

这个作业是刚学django做的，一直没再看，所以现在才发，很多功能都没有

整个项目需要注意的点：

有空再补充（这样说的一般后来都会忘记，尴尬😅）

1.开启一个项目第一件事就是去settings看看数据库配置和静态路由，然后再检查一下各个路径配置和app有没有写进去。static需要手动去创建。

2.然后去models把表创建好，关联好，makemigrations做下迁移记录，migrate刷进数据库。如果有多对多可以去数据库查看下有没有自动帮忙创建。

3.在urls开好口子，方便浏览器访问，然后就可以去写视图函数和对应的模板。

4.视图函数注意点很多，以下一一列举：

4.1 首先要导入models ==》 from app01.models import * 

4.2 定义的函数形参默认是request：request常用三个属性：method 获得请求的方式POST或者GET，也可以用于做判断。

request.POST  获得通过post请求方式发过来的请求体，可以用get对其里面属性进行取值。

request.GET获得通过GET请求方式发过来的请求

 

 

 

需要注意的几个点：

0.先配置好settings,数据库配置，习惯用mysql，配置好路径，配置好静态路由，csrf文件先注释掉，还有一个要注意的就是如果app不是在创建项目创建之时，

后面手动创建的app需要自己加到installed_apps.

1.先建立好他们之间的关系：作者和书多对多，书和出版社多对一

所以，我们先按照这个关系建好表，如下：

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Publish(models.Model):
    # 可以不写，默认会帮你创建
    nid=models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    addr=models.CharField(max_length=64)
    # 也是varchar类型
    email=models.EmailField()

class Author(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age=models.IntegerField()

class Book(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)
    pub_date=models.DateField()
    # to那个表，可以不加引号，但是，要在前面定义
    publish=models.ForeignKey(to='Publish',to_field='nid')
    authors=models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')


# 等同于authors=models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')
# 不需要额外再建一张表
# class Book2Author(models.Model):
#     nid=models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
#     book=models.ForeignKey(to='Book',to_field='nid')
#     author=models.ForeignKey(to='Author',to_field='nid')

 

2.开好路由，外界访问时候先通过路由映射关系找到函数，记得导入视图模块

"""untitled URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^add_publish/', views.add_publish),
    url(r'^publish_list/', views.publish_list),
    url(r'^delete_publish/', views.delete_publish),
    url(r'^edit_publish/', views.edit_publish),
    url(r'^add_book/', views.add_book),
    url(r'^book_list/', views.book_list),
    url(r'^delete_book/', views.delete_book),
    url(r'^edit_book/',views.edit_book),
    url(r'^add_author/', views.add_author),
    url(r'^author_list/', views.author_list),
    url(r'^delete_author/', views.delete_author),
    url(r'^edit_author/',views.edit_author),
]

 

3.写视图函数

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect
# from app01 import models
from app01.models import *


# Create your views here.


def add_publish(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        name = request.POST.get('name')
        addr = request.POST.get('addr')
        email = request.POST.get('email')
        Publish.objects.create(name=name, addr=addr, email=email)
        return redirect('/publish_list/')

    return render(request, 'add_publish.html')


def publish_list(request):
    publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'publish_list.html', {'publish_list': publish_list})


def delete_publish(request):
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')
    print(nid)
    # 通过fileter过滤出nid为传入的nid，删除掉
    # 过滤出nid=2的数据
    ret = Publish.objects.filter(nid=nid)
    # 删除这些数据
    ret.delete()
    return redirect('/publish_list/')


def edit_publish(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        nid = request.POST.get('nid')
        name = request.POST.get('name')
        addr = request.POST.get('addr')
        email = request.POST.get('email')
        Publish.objects.filter(pk=nid).update(name=name, addr=addr, email=email)
        return redirect('/publish_list/')
    # 这样写的话有点局限性，必须要先获得nid
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')
    publish = Publish.objects.filter(nid=nid).first()
    return render(request, 'edit_publish.html', {'publish': publish})


def add_book(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        name = request.POST.get('name')
        price = request.POST.get('price')
        pub_date = request.POST.get('pub_date')
        publish_id = request.POST.get('publish')
        authors = request.POST.getlist('authors')
        book = Book.objects.create(name=name, price=price, pub_date=pub_date, publish_id=publish_id)
        # for i in authors:
        #     book.authors.add(i)
        # 它会去中间表（book_authors）,添加记录
        book.authors.add(*authors)

        return redirect('/book_list/')
    publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
    author_list = Author.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'add_book.html', {'publish_list': publish_list, 'author_list': author_list})


def book_list(request):
    book_list = Book.objects.all()

    return render(request, 'book_list.html', {'book_list': book_list})


def delete_book(request):
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')
    Book.objects.filter(pk=nid).delete()
    return redirect('/book_list/')


def edit_book(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        nid = request.POST.get('nid')
        name = request.POST.get('name')
        price = request.POST.get('price')
        pub_date = request.POST.get('pub_date')
        publish_id = request.POST.get('publish')
        authors = request.POST.getlist('authors')
        Book.objects.filter(pk=nid).update(name=name, price=price, pub_date=pub_date, publish_id=publish_id)
        book = Book.objects.filter(pk=nid).first()
        book.authors.set(authors)

        return redirect('/book_list/')
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')
    book = Book.objects.filter(pk=nid).first()
    author_list = Author.objects.all()
    publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
    return render(request,'edit_book.html',{'book':book,'publish_list':publish_list,'author_list':author_list})


def author_list(request):
    author_list = Author.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'author_list.html', {'author_list': author_list})


def add_author(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        name = request.POST.get('name')
        age = request.POST.get('age')
        Author.objects.create(name=name, age=age)
        return redirect('/author_list/')

    return render(request, 'add_author.html')


def delete_author(request):
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')
    Author.objects.filter(pk=nid).delete()
    return redirect('/author_list/')


def edit_author(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        nid = request.POST.get('nid')
        name = request.POST.get('name')
        age = request.POST.get('age')

        Author.objects.filter(pk=nid).update(name=name, age=age)
        return redirect('/author_list/')
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')
    author = Author.objects.filter(pk=nid).first()
    return render(request, 'edit_author.html', {'author': author})

 

4.视图函数需要调用模板，并且有的需要调用数据库中的数据来对模板进行渲染

下面是本次用到的9个模板

作者相关联的表

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>作者列表</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
            <h2>出版社列表</h2>
            <table class="table table-condensed">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>ID</th>
                    <th>作者姓名</th>
                    <th>作者年龄</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                    {% for author in author_list %}
                        <tr>
                            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
                            <td>{{ author.name}}</td>
                            <td>{{ author.age }}</td>
                            <td>
                                <a href="/delete_author/?nid={{ author.nid }}" class="btn btn-danger">删除</a>
                                <a href="/edit_author/?nid={{ author.nid }}" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                    {% endfor %}
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>添加作者</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">

</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
            <h2>添加作者</h2>
            <form action="/add_author/" method="post">
                <p>作者姓名：<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control"></p>
                <p>作者年龄：<input type="text" name="age" class="form-control"></p>
                <p><input type="submit" value="添加" class="form-control btn btn-success"></p>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>修改作者</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
            <h2>修改作者</h2>
            <form action="/edit_author/" method="post">
                <input type="hidden" name="nid" class="form-control" value="{{ author.nid }}">
                <p>作者姓名：<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control" value="{{ author.name }}"></p>
                <p>作者年龄：<input type="text" name="age" class="form-control" value="{{ author.age }}"></p>
                <p><input type="submit" value="修改" class="form-control btn btn-success"></p>


            </form>
            <form action=""></form>

        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

 

出版社相关联的表

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
    <title>出版社列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
            <h2>出版社列表</h2>
            <table class="table table-condensed">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>ID</th>
                    <th>出版社名称</th>
                    <th>出版社地址</th>
                    <th>邮箱</th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                    {% for publish in publish_list %}
                        <tr>
                            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
                            <td>{{ publish.name}}</td>
                            <td>{{ publish.addr }}</td>
                            <td>{{ publish.email }}</td>
                            <td>
                                <a href="/delete_publish/?nid={{ publish.nid }}" class="btn btn-danger">删除</a>
                                <a href="/edit_publish/?nid={{ publish.nid }}" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                    
                    {% endfor %}
                    
                </tbody>
            </table>


        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>新增出版社</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
            <h2>添加出版社</h2>
            <form action="/add_publish/" method="post">
                <p>出版社名称：<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control"></p>
                <p>出版社地址：<input type="text" name="addr" class="form-control"></p>
                <p>出版社邮箱：<input type="text" name="email" class="form-control"></p>
                <p><input type="submit" value="添加" class="form-control btn btn-success"></p>



            </form>

        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>修改出版社</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>


<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
            <h2>修改出版社</h2>
            <form action="/edit_publish/" method="post">
                <input type="hidden" name="nid" class="form-control" value="{{ publish.nid }}">
                <p>出版社名称：<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control" value="{{ publish.name }}"></p>
                <p>出版社地址：<input type="text" name="addr" class="form-control" value="{{ publish.addr }}"></p>
                <p>出版社邮箱：<input type="text" name="email" class="form-control" value="{{ publish.email }}"></p>
                <p><input type="submit" value="修改" class="form-control btn btn-success"></p>


            </form>

        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

 

书籍相关联的表

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>图书列表</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
            <h2>图书列表</h2>
            <table class="table table-condensed">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>ID</th>
                    <th>书名</th>
                    <th>价格</th>
                    <th>出版日期</th>
                    <th>出版社名称</th>
                    <th>作者</th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                    {% for book in book_list %}
                        <tr>
                            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
                            <td>{{ book.name}}</td>
                            <td>{{ book.price }}</td>
                            <td>{{ book.pub_date|date:'Y-m-d' }}</td>
                            <td>{{ book.publish.name }}</td>
                            <td>
                                {% for author in  book.authors.all  %}
                                    {{ author.name }}|
                                {% endfor %}

                            </td>

                            <td>
                                <a href="/delete_book/?nid={{ book.nid }}" class="btn btn-danger">删除</a>
                                <a href="/edit_book/?nid={{ book.nid }}" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a>
                            </td>
                        </tr>

                    {% endfor %}

                </tbody>
            </table>


        </div>
    </div>
</div>


</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>新增图书</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
            <h2>新增图书</h2>
            <form action="/add_book/" method="post">
                <input type="hidden" name="nid" class="form-control" value="{{ publish.nid }}">
                <p>图书名称：<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control"></p>
                <p>价格：<input type="text" name="price" class="form-control" ></p>
                <p>出版日期：<input type="date" name="pub_date" class="form-control"></p>
                <p>出版社：
                    <select name="publish" id="" class="form-control">
                        {% for publish in publish_list %}
                        <option value="{{ publish.nid }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
                        {% endfor %}
                    </select>
                </p>
            <p>作者：
                <select name="authors" id="" multiple class="form-control">
                    {% for author in author_list %}
                        <option value="{{ author.nid }}">{{ author.name }}</option>

                    {% endfor %}


                </select>

            </p>


                <p><input type="submit" value="提交" class="form-control btn btn-success"></p>


            </form>

        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>编辑书籍</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
            <h2>修改书籍</h2>
            <form action='/edit_book/' method="post">
                <input type="hidden" name="nid" class="form-control" value="{{ book.nid }}">
                <p>书籍名称：<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control" value="{{ book.name }}"></p>
                <p>书籍价格：<input type="text" name="price" class="form-control" value="{{ book.price }}"></p>
                <p>出版日期：<input type="date" name="pub_date" class="form-control" value="{{ book.pub_date|date:'Y-m-d'}}"></p>
                <p>出版社：
                    <select name="publish" id="" class="form-control">
                        {% for publish in publish_list %}
                            {% if book.publish == publish %}
                                <option selected value="{{ publish.nid }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
                            {% else %}
                                <option value="{{ publish.nid }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
                            {% endif %}

                        {% endfor %}
                    </select>
                </p>
                 <p>作者：
                    <select name="authors" id="" multiple class="form-control">
                        {% for author in author_list %}
                            {% if author in book.authors.all %}
                                <option selected value="{{ author.nid }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
                            {% else %}
                                <option value="{{ author.nid }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
                            {% endif %}
                        {% endfor %}
                    </select>
                </p>
                <p><input type="submit" value="修改" class="form-control btn btn-success"></p>


            </form>

        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>