程序语言与编程实践7-> Java实践4 | 第三周作业及思路讲解 | 异常处理考察

第三周作业,可能是异常那一章当时没怎么听,此前也不怎么接触,感觉还挺陌生的。

00 第1题

00-1 题目

/*
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package homework_week3;

/**
 *
 * @author zzrs123
 */
public class Homework_week3 {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a=0, b=5;
        try{
            System.out.print(a/b+b/a);
        }
        catch
        {
            System.out.println("Exceptions!!!"); 
        }
    }
}

编译以上代码,会出现什么错误?

A. Prints: Exceptions!!! 
B. Prints Nothing 
C. Syntax error 
D. Runtime Error 
E. None of the above 

00-2 解答

Answer: D

catch处语法出错,导致不能编译: Uncompilable source code - 非法的类型开始;

如果改为:

catch (ArithmeticException e){
	System.out.println("Exceptions!!!"); 
}

那么就会输出Exceptions!!!

考察的是try + catch + finally异常捕获机制的语法:如果try{}抛出的对象属于 catch() 括号内欲捕获的异常类,则 catch() 会捕捉此异常,然后进到 catch() 的块里继续运行。

01 第2题

01-1 题目

/*
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 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

package homework_week3;

/**
 *
 * @author zzrs123
 */
public class Homework_week3 {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a=0, b=5;
        String c[] = {"A","B","C"};
        try{
            for(int i = 1;i < 4; i++){
                System.out.print(c[i]);
            }
            System.out.print(a/b+b/a);
        }
        catch (ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("D"); 
        }
        catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
        {
            System.out.println("E");
        }
    }
}

编译并执行代码,会出现哪种结果?

A. Prints: ABC 
B. Prints: ABD 
C. Prints: BCE 
D. Prints: BCDEE. Compiler Error 

01-2 解答

**Answer: **C

这道题就考察了try + catch + finally的运行机制,检测到for循环里出现数组下标溢出,就抛出异常,产生中断,接着匹配到第二个catch语句块catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException),输出E

考察的是try + catch + finally异常捕获机制的捕获到异常立刻中断,进入异常处理。

02 第3题

02-1 题目

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

package homework_week3;

/**
 *
 * @author zzrs123
 */
public class Homework_week3 {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a=0, b=5;
        String c[] = {"A","B","C"};
        try{
            System.out.print(c[a/b]);
            try{
                for(int i = 1;i < 4; i++){
                    System.out.print(c[i]);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                System.out.println("D"); 
            }
            finally{
                System.out.println("E");
            }
        }
        
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            System.out.println("F");
        }
        finally{
            System.out.println("G");
        }
    }
}

编译并执行代码,会出现哪种结果?

A. Prints: AABCG 
B. Prints: ABCDG 
C. Prints: AABCDG 
D. Prints: AABCDEG 
E. Prints: AABCDEFG

02-2 解答

Answer: D

两个try + catch + finally的嵌套,考察的知识是:

" 无论 try 程序块是否有捕捉到异常,或者捕捉到的异常是否与 catch()括号里的异常相同,最后一定会运行 finally 块里的程序代码。finally 的程序代码块运行结束后,程序再回到 try-catch-finally 块之后继续执行。"

03 第4题

03-1 题目

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

package homework_week3;

/**
 *
 * @author zzrs123
 */
public class Homework_week3 {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main( String[] args ) {
         int src[] = {10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
         int res[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; 
         System.arraycopy(src, 0, res, 0, src.length);
         for(int i=0; i<res.length; i++) {
             System.out.print(res[i]);
         }
     }
}

What is the result?

A. 10987654321 
B. 10987612345 
C. 12345612345 
D. Compiler error 
E. Runtime exception 

03-2 解答

Answer: E

很明显,这里的语句都符合语法,所以Compiler error可以排除;

arraycopy()函数的语法:

public static void arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos, Object dest, int destPos, int length)

参数说明:

  • Object src : 原数组
  • int srcPos : 拷贝到原数组的起始位置
  • Object dest : 目标数组
  • int destPos : 目标数组的开始起始位置
  • int length : 要copy的数组的长度

题目中,要向长度为5的数组放入10个元素,所以运行到这个函数的时候,会发生越界错误,采取java默认的异常处理机制,直接抛出异常中断:ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

04 第5题

04-1 题目

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

package homework_week3;

/**
 *
 * @author zzrs123
 */
public class Homework_week3 {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main( String[] args ) {
         byte a[] = new byte[2];
         long b[] = new long[2];
         float c[] = new float[2];
         Object d[] = new Object[2];
         System.out.print(a[1]+","+b[1]+","+c[1]+","+d[1]);
     }
}

编译并执行代码,会出现哪种结果?

A. Prints: 0,0,0,null 
B. Prints: 0,0,0.0,null 
C. Prints: 0,0,0,0 
D. Prints: null,null,null,null 
E. The code runs with no output.

04-2 解答

Answer: B

在new一个数组的时候,默认初始化为0,当然,这种初始化契合于数据类型,比如float要初始化为0.0,Object初始化为null

05 第6题

05-1 题目

1. class A {
2.     public static void main(String[] args) {
3.         int[ ] var1;
4.         int[5] var2;
5.         int[] var3;
6.         int var4[];
7.         }
8.     }

编译并执行代码,会出现哪种结果?

A. compile-time errors occur at line 3 
B. compile-time errors occur at line 4
C. compile-time errors occur at line 5 
D. compile-time errors occur at line 6 
E. None of the above 

05-2 解答

Answer: B

这两道题考察的都是数组的声明分配内存初始化

一维数组的声明与分配内存:

  1. 数据类型 数组名[ ] ; // 声明一维数组
  2. 数组名 = new 数据类型[个数] ; // 分配内存给数组

声明数组的同时分配内存:

  • 数据类型 数组名[] = new 数据类型[个数]

06 第7题

06-1 题目

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

package homework_week3;

/**
 *
 * @author zzrs123
 */
public class Homework_week3 {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    static void my() throws ArithmeticException {
         System.out.print("A");
         throw new ArithmeticException("A");
          }
     public static void main (String args []) {
         try { 
             my();
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
             System.out.print("B");
             }
         finally {
             System.out.print("C");
             }
         }
}

编译并执行代码,会出现哪种结果?

A. Prints: A 
B. Prints: AC 
C. Prints: ABC 
D. Prints: AABC 
E. Prints: C 

06-2 解答

Answer: C

考察的是throw指定方法抛出异常的知识:

  1. 用处:

    如果方法内的程序代码可能会发生异常,且方法内又没有使用任何的代码块来捕捉这些异常时,则必须在声明方法时一并指明所有可能发生的异常,以便让调用此方法的程序得以做好准备来捕捉异常。也就是说,如果方法会抛出异常,则可将处理这个异常的 try-catch-finally 块写在调用此方法的程序代码内。

  2. 语法:方法名称(参数…) throws 异常类 1,异常类 2,…

  3. 具体执行:

    throws 在指定方法中不处理异常,在调用此方法的地方处理,如果指定方法中异常,则在调用处进行处理(进入catch()

所以这道题的运行过程为:main函数-> try()块-> my函数-> 输出A -> new ArithmeticException(“A”)-> catch()-> 输出B-> finally()-> 输出C

07 第8题

07-1 题目

/*
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 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

package homework_week3;

/**
 *
 * @author zzrs123
 */
class B extends Exception {}
class C extends B {}
class D extends C {}
public class Homework_week3 {
     /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        int a,b,c,d,x,y,z;
        a = b = c = d = x = y = 0;
        z = 1;
        try {
            try {
                switch(z) {
                   case 1: throw new B();
	           case 2: throw new C();
                   case 3: throw new D();
                   case 4: throw new Exception();
                }
                a++;//a=0
            }
            catch ( C e ) {b++;}//b=0
            finally{c++;}//c=1
        }
        catch ( B e ) {d++;}//d=1
        catch ( Exception e ) {x++;}//x=0
        finally {y++;}//y=1
        System.out.print(a);
        System.out.print(b);
        System.out.print(c);
        System.out.print(d);
        System.out.print(x);
        System.out.print(y);
    }
}

编译并执行代码,会出现哪种结果?

A. 0,0,1,1,0,1 
B. 0,1,0,1,1,0 
C. 0,0,1,1,0,1 
D. 0,1,1,1,1,1 
E. 1,1,0,1,0,0 

07-2 解答

Answer: AC

这道题的亮点是异常类的层层继承,人脑运行的关键在于:如果报了一个类的错误,那么catch其父类和子类的块会不会响应。

答案是不会catch只能识别错误本身。

此外就是运行到case 1: throw new B();时,程序就中断,直接进入catch()区,不会运行a++

08 第9题

08-1 题目

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

package homework_week3;

/**
 *
 * @author zzrs123
 */

   
1.class B extends Exception {
2.    public void myMethod( ) throws RuntimeException {}
3.}
4.
5.public class Homework_week3 extends B {
     /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
6.      public void myMethod( ) throws Exception {}
7.      public static void main (String[] args) {}
8.}

编译错误会出现在哪一行?

A. 1 
B. 2 
C. 6 
D. 7 
E. None of the above

08-2 解答

Answer: C

0330 这个问题不是很明白,还是编译错误,所以也很难从IDE得到点什么,查了查,有两点:

  1. 子类中覆盖方法的访问权限不能比父类小,比如父类的myMethod( )是public类型,子类的不能是private。
  2. 子类中覆盖方法抛出的异常只能比父类中原方法抛出的异常低级,比如父类抛出Exception,而子类的覆盖方法只能抛出RuntimeException之类的子异常。

09 第10题

09-1 题目

class A {
    public static void main (String[] args) {
        int a=1, b=0;
        int c[] = {1,2,3};
        try { 
            System.out.print(c[1]);
            try {
                System.out.print(a/b+b/a);
            }
            catch (ArithmeticException e){
                System.out.print(“C”); 
            } 
        }
        catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            System.out.print(“A”); 
        } 
        finally { 
            System.out.print(“B”);
        }
    }
}

编译并执行代码,会出现哪种结果?

(A) 1BC 
(B) 1CB 
(C) 2BC 
(D) 2CB 
(E) 2AC 

09-2 解答

Answer: D

这道题相对常规,是一个try-catch-finally的嵌套问题,

System.out.print(c[1]);
try {
    System.out.print(a/b+b/a);
}
catch (ArithmeticException e){
    System.out.print(“C”); 
} 

正常输出c[1] 为2,然后进入内层的 try,发现异常,捕获输出 C,接着出来进入外层 try 的catch,未捕获异常,进入外层的 finally ,输出 B 。

posted @ 2022-03-30 15:50  climerecho  阅读(195)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报