(模板)graham扫描法、andrew算法求凸包
凸包算法讲解:Click Here
题目链接:https://vjudge.net/problem/POJ-1113
题意:简化下题意即求凸包的周长+2×PI×r。
思路:用graham求凸包,模板是kuangbin的,算法复杂度O(nlogn)。
AC code:
// Author : RioTian
// Time : 20/10/21
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int N = 1000;
const double Pi = acos(-1.0);
struct point {
double x, y;
point() : x(), y() {}
point(int x, int y) : x(x), y(y) {}
} list[N];
typedef point P;
int stack[N], top;
//计算叉积: p0p1 X p0p2
double cross(P p0, P p1, P p2) {
return (p1.x - p0.x) * (p2.y - p0.y) - (p2.x - p0.x) * (p1.y - p0.y);
}
//计算 p1p2的 距离
double dis(P p1, P p2) {
return sqrt((double)(p2.x - p1.x) * (p2.x - p1.x) +
(p2.y - p1.y) * (p2.y - p1.y));
}
//利用极角排序,角度相同则距离小排前面
bool cmp(P p1, P p2) {
auto tmp = cross(list[0], p1, p2);
if (tmp > 0)
return true;
else if (tmp == 0 && dis(list[0], p1) < dis(list[0], p2))
return true;
else
return false;
}
//输入,并把 最左下方的点放在 list[0] 。并且进行极角排序
void init(int n) {
int i, k = 0;
cin >> list[0].x >> list[0].y;
P p0 = list[0]; // p0 等价于 tmp 去寻找最左下方的点
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
cin >> list[i].x >> list[i].y;
if (p0.y > list[i].y || (p0.y == list[i].y && p0.x > list[i].x))
p0 = list[i], k = i;
}
list[k] = list[0];
list[0] = p0;
sort(list + 1, list + n, cmp);
}
//graham扫描法求凸包,凸包顶点存在stack栈中
//从栈底到栈顶一次是逆时针方向排列的
//如果要求凸包的一条边有2个以上的点
//那么要将while中的<=改成<
//但这不能将最后一条边上的多个点保留
//因为排序时将距离近的点排在前面
//那么最后一条边上的点仅有距离最远的会被保留,其余的会被出栈
//所以最后一条边需要特判
//如果要求逆凸包的话需要改cmp,graham中的符号即可
void Graham(int n) {
int i;
if (n == 1) top = 0, stack[0] = 0;
if (n == 2) top = 1, stack[0] = 0, stack[1] = 1;
if (n > 2) {
for (i = 0; i <= 1; i++) stack[i] = i;
top = 1;
for (i = 2; i < n; i++) {
while (top > 0 &&
cross(list[stack[top - 1]], list[stack[top]], list[i]) <= 0)
top--;
top++;
stack[top] = i;
}
}
}
int main() {
freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
// ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
int N, L;
while (scanf("%d", &N) != EOF) {
init(N);
Graham(N);
double res = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < top; i++)
res += dis(list[stack[i]], list[stack[i + 1]]);
res += dis(list[stack[0]], list[stack[top]]);
res += 2 * Pi;
printf("%d\n", (int)(res + 0.5));
}
}
题目链接:https://www.luogu.com.cn/problem/P2742
题意:求凸包的周长。
思路:
这里用andrew算法来求,该算法与graham的区别是排序方法不一样,这里按x坐标从左到右排序,x相同的按y坐标从下到上排序。下列程序展示先求下凸包,再求上凸包。复杂度O(nlogn),但据说比graham的复杂度小一点。
AC code:
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 1e5 + 5;
struct Point {
double x, y;
Point(double xx = 0, double yy = 0) : x(xx), y(yy) {}
};
double cross(Point p0, Point p1, Point p2) {
return (p1.x - p0.x) * (p2.y - p0.y) - (p2.x - p0.x) * (p1.y - p0.y);
}
//排序方法不同
bool cmp(Point a, Point b) {
if (a.x != b.x) return a.x < b.x;
return a.y < b.y; // y从小到大和从大到小都行
}
double dis(Point a, Point b) {
return sqrt((b.x - a.x) * (b.x - a.x) + (b.y - a.y) * (b.y - a.y));
}
Point list[maxn], stk[maxn];
int n, p;
double ans;
void andrew() {
p = 1;
stk[0] = list[0], stk[1] = list[1];
for (int i = 2; i < n; ++i) { //求下凸包
while (p > 0 && cross(stk[p - 1], stk[p], list[i]) <= 0) --p;
stk[++p] = list[i];
}
stk[++p] = list[n - 2];
for (int i = n - 3; i >= 0; --i) { //求上凸包
while (p > 0 && cross(stk[p - 1], stk[p], list[i]) <= 0) --p;
stk[++p] = list[i];
} //要注意栈尾和栈顶都是list[0]
}
int main() {
scanf("%d", &n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) scanf("%lf%lf", &list[i].x, &list[i].y);
sort(list, list + n, cmp);
andrew();
for (int i = 0; i < p; ++i) ans += dis(stk[i], stk[i + 1]);
printf("%.2f\n", ans);
return 0;
}