C#程序员经常用到的10个实用代码片段

1 读取操作系统和CLR的版本

1 OperatingSystem os = System.Environment.OSVersion; 
2 Console.WriteLine(“Platform: {0}”, os.Platform); 
3 Console.WriteLine(“Service Pack: {0}”, os.ServicePack); 
4 Console.WriteLine(“Version: {0}”, os.Version); 
5 Console.WriteLine(“VersionString: {0}”, os.VersionString); 
6 Console.WriteLine(“CLR Version: {0}”, System.Environment.Version); 

 

在我的Windows 7系统中,输出以下信息

Platform: Win32NT 
Service Pack: 
Version: 6.1.7600.0 
VersionString: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7600.0 
CLR Version: 4.0.21006.1 

 

2 读取CPU数量,内存容量

可以通过Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)提供的接口读取所需要的信息。

private static UInt32 CountPhysicalProcessors() 
{ 
     ManagementObjectSearcher objects = new ManagementObjectSearcher( 
        “SELECT * FROM Win32_ComputerSystem”); 
     ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get(); 
     foreach(ManagementObject obj in coll) 
    { 
        return (UInt32)obj[“NumberOfProcessors”]; 
    } 
    return 0; 
} 
private static UInt64 CountPhysicalMemory() 
{ 
   ManagementObjectSearcher objects =new ManagementObjectSearcher( 
      “SELECT * FROM Win32_PhysicalMemory”); 
   ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get(); 
   UInt64 total = 0; 
   foreach (ManagementObject obj in coll) 
   { 
       total += (UInt64)obj[“Capacity”]; 
    } 
    return total; 
} 

 

请添加对程序集System.Management的引用,确保代码可以正确编译。

Console.WriteLine(“Machine: {0}”, Environment.MachineName); 
Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (logical): {0}”, Environment.ProcessorCount); 
Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (physical): {0}”  CountPhysicalProcessors()); 
Console.WriteLine(“RAM installed: {0:N0} bytes”,  CountPhysicalMemory()); 
Console.WriteLine(“Is OS 64-bit? {0}”,   Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem); 
Console.WriteLine(“Is process 64-bit? {0}”,  Environment.Is64BitProcess); 
Console.WriteLine(“Little-endian: {0}”, BitConverter.IsLittleEndian); 
foreach (Screen screen in  System.Windows.Forms.Screen.AllScreens) 
{ 
     Console.WriteLine(“Screen {0}”, screen.DeviceName); 
     Console.WriteLine(“\tPrimary {0}”, screen.Primary); 
     Console.WriteLine(“\tBounds: {0}”, screen.Bounds); 
     Console.WriteLine(“\tWorking Area: {0}”,screen.WorkingArea); 
     Console.WriteLine(“\tBitsPerPixel: {0}”,screen.BitsPerPixel); 
} 

 

3 读取注册表键值对

using (RegistryKey keyRun = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@”Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run”)) 
{ 
    foreach (string valueName in keyRun.GetValueNames()) 
    { 
     Console.WriteLine(“Name: {0}\tValue: {1}”, valueName, keyRun.GetValue(valueName)); 
    } 
} 

 

请添加命名空间Microsoft.Win32,以确保上面的代码可以编译。

4 启动,停止Windows服务

这项API提供的实用功能常常用来管理应用程序中的服务,而不必到控制面板的管理服务中进行操作。

ServiceController controller = new ServiceController(“e-M-POWER”);      
controller.Start();      
if (controller.CanPauseAndContinue)      
{      
    controller.Pause();      
    controller.Continue();      
}      
controller.Stop(); 

 

.net提供的API中,可以实现一句话安装与卸载服务

if (args[0] == "/i") 
{ 
       ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location }); 
} 
else if (args[0] == "/u") 
{ 
   ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { "/u", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location }); 
} 

如代码所示,给应用程序传入i或u参数,以表示是卸载或是安装程序。

5 验证程序是否有strong name (P/Invoke)

比如在程序中,为了验证程序集是否有签名,可调用如下方法

 

[DllImport("mscoree.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)] 
static extern bool StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(string wszFilePath, bool fForceVerification, ref bool pfWasVerified); 
 
bool notForced = false; 
bool verified = StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(assembly, false, ref notForced); 
Console.WriteLine("Verified: {0}\nForced: {1}", verified, !notForced); 

 

这个功能常用在软件保护方法,可用来验证签名的组件。即使你的签名被人去掉,或是所有程序集的签名都被去除,只要程序中有这一项调用代码,则可以停止程序运行。

6 响应系统配置项的变更

比如我们锁定系统后,如果QQ没有退出,则它会显示了忙碌状态。

请添加命名空间Microsoft.Win32,然后对注册下面的事件。

DisplaySettingsChanged (包含Changing) 显示设置
InstalledFontsChanged 字体变化
PaletteChanged
PowerModeChanged 电源状态
SessionEnded (用户正在登出或是会话结束)
SessionSwitch (变更当前用户)
TimeChanged 时间改变
UserPreferenceChanged (用户偏号 包含Changing)

 

我们的ERP系统,会监测系统时间是否改变,如果将时间调整后ERP许可文件之外的范围,会导致ERP软件不可用。

7 运用Windows7的新特性

Windows7系统引入一些新特性,比如打开文件对话框,状态栏可显示当前任务的进度。

Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog ofd = new Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog(); 
ofd.AddToMostRecentlyUsedList = true; 
ofd.IsFolderPicker = true; 
ofd.AllowNonFileSystemItems = true; 
ofd.ShowDialog(); 

 

用这样的方法打开对话框,与BCL自带类库中的OpenFileDialog功能更多一些。不过只限于Windows 7系统中,所以要调用这段代码,还要检查操作系统的版本要大于6,并且添加对程序集Windows API Code Pack for Microsoft®.NET Framework的引用,请到这个地址下载http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/WindowsAPICodePack

8 检查程序对内存的消耗

用下面的方法,可以检查.NET给程序分配的内存数量

long available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false); 
Console.WriteLine(“Before allocations: {0:N0}”, available); 
int allocSize = 40000000; 
byte[] bigArray = new byte[allocSize]; 
available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false); 
Console.WriteLine(“After allocations: {0:N0}”, available); 

 

在我的系统中,它运行的结果如下所示

Before allocations: 651,064
After allocations: 40,690,080

 

使用下面的方法,可以检查当前应用程序占用的内存

Process proc = Process.GetCurrentProcess(); 
Console.WriteLine(“Process Info: “+Environment.NewLine+ 
“Private Memory Size: {0:N0}”+Environment.NewLine + 
“Virtual Memory Size: {1:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + 
“Working Set Size: {2:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + 
“Paged Memory Size: {3:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + 
“Paged System Memory Size: {4:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + 
  “Non-paged System Memory Size: {5:N0}” + Environment.NewLine, 
proc.PrivateMemorySize64,   proc.VirtualMemorySize64,  proc.WorkingSet64,  proc.PagedMemorySize64, proc.PagedSystemMemorySize64,  proc.NonpagedSystemMemorySize64 ); 

 

9 使用记秒表检查程序运行时间

如果你担忧某些代码非常耗费时间,可以用StopWatch来检查这段代码消耗的时间,如下面的代码所示

System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch timer = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch(); 
timer.Start(); 
Decimal total = 0; 
int limit = 1000000; 
for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) 
{ 
      total = total + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i); 
} 
timer.Stop(); 
Console.WriteLine(“Sum of sqrts: {0}”,total); 
Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed milliseconds: {0}”, 
timer.ElapsedMilliseconds); 
Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed time: {0}”, timer.Elapsed); 

 

现在已经有专门的工具来检测程序的运行时间,可以细化到每个方法,比如dotNetPerformance软件。

以上面的代码为例子,您需要直接修改源代码,如果是用来测试程序,则有些不方便。请参考下面的例子。

class AutoStopwatch : System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch, IDisposable 
{ 
   public AutoStopwatch() 
   { 
       Start(); 
   } 
   public void Dispose() 
   { 
       Stop(); 
       Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed: {0}”, this.Elapsed); 
   } 
} 

借助于using语法,像下面的代码所示,可以检查一段代码的运行时间,并打印在控制台上。

using (new AutoStopwatch()) 
{ 
    Decimal total2 = 0; 
    int limit2 = 1000000; 
    for (int i = 0; i < limit2; ++i) 
    { 
       total2 = total2 + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i); 
    } 
} 

10 使用光标

当程序正在后台运行保存或是册除操作时,应当将光标状态修改为忙碌。可使用下面的技巧。

class AutoWaitCursor : IDisposable 
{ 
private Control _target; 
private Cursor _prevCursor = Cursors.Default; 
public AutoWaitCursor(Control control) 
{ 
   if (control == null) 
   { 
     throw new ArgumentNullException(“control”); 
   } 
   _target = control; 
   _prevCursor = _target.Cursor; 
   _target.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor; 
} 
public void Dispose() 
{ 
   _target.Cursor = _prevCursor; 
} 
} 

用法如下所示,这个写法,是为了预料到程序可能会抛出异常

using (new AutoWaitCursor(this)) 
{ 
... 
throw new Exception(); 
} 

如代码所示,即使抛出异常,光标也可以恢复到之间的状态。

posted @ 2015-10-16 09:44  不安分的猿  阅读(334)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报