From: http://www.testclass.net/pyunit/test_example_3/
背景
当我们的测试数据是下面这些的时候,我们的用例是有问题的。
[
{"name":"jack","password":"Iloverose"},
{"name":"rose","password":"Ilovejack"},
{"name":"tom","password":"password123"},
{"name":"jerry","password":"password"}
]
我们的用例只能找出tom是弱密码的用户,jerry这个用户会成为漏网之鱼。
为什么
这是因为在unittest中,一旦某个测试方法中的断言失败,后续的断言都不会被执行。
还原一下上面的例子,当用例在断言tom失败后,for循环就退出了,测试方法也执行完毕了,后面jerry这条数据就不会被断言。
怎么办
我们可以重构一下我们的用例,让整个用例只断言1次,断言失败以后就把弱密码的用户打印出来。
代码
修改user_data.json文件,加入一些测试数据,修改后的user_data.json文件应该是
[
{"name":"jack","password":"Iloverose"},
{"name":"rose","password":"Ilovejack"},
{"name":"tom","password":"password123"},
{"name":"jerry","password":"password"},
{"name":"fred","password":"123456"},
{"name":"elma","password":"654321"}
]
新建test_password_4.py
文件,内容如下
import unittest
import json
class WeakPasswordTeseCase1(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(kls):
data_file_path = './user_data.json'
print('before all test methods')
with open(data_file_path) as f:
kls.test_data = json.loads(f.read())
def test_week_password(self):
res = True
msg = []
for data in self.test_data:
passwd = data['password']
tmp_res = True
tmp_res = tmp_res and (len(passwd) >= 6)
tmp_res = tmp_res and (passwd != 'password')
tmp_res = tmp_res and (passwd != 'password123')
if not tmp_res:
msg.append("user %s has a weak password %s" %(data['name'], data['password']))
res = res and tmp_res
self.assertTrue(res, "\n".join(msg))
def test_dummy(self):
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
运行及结果
在命令行中运行python test_password_4.py
,结果如下
$ python test_password_4.py
before all test methods
.F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_week_password (__main__.WeakPasswordTeseCase1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test_password_4.py", line 27, in test_week_password
self.assertTrue(res, "\n".join(msg))
AssertionError: user tom has a weak password password123
user jerry has a weak password password
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.001s
FAILED (failures=1)
我们能学到什么
- 断言一旦失败之后测试方法就会结束运行,所以一般来说1个测试方法推荐只有1个断言
- 如果一个测试方法里面必须要有多个断言,那么要确保前面的断言失败之后,后面的断言就算不运行也不会影响测试的范围和结果
- for循环中的断言一旦失败,for循环就退出了
- 上面演示的测试用例写法其实具备了一定的数据驱动测试的思想