【WPF】自定义GridLineDecorator给ListView画网格

感谢 rgqancy 指出的Bug,已经修正

先给个效果图:

使用时的代码:

 

代码
<l:GridLineDecorator>
<ListView ItemsSource="{Binding}">
<ListView.View>
<GridView>
<GridViewColumn Header="Id" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Id}"/>
<GridViewColumn Header="Name" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Name}"/>
</GridView>
</ListView.View>
</ListView>
</l:GridLineDecorator>

 

 

------------------------正文-------------------------------

经常看见有人问在使用WPF的ListView的时候,怎样能够有网格线的效果。例如http://www.bbniu.com/forum/thread-1090-1-1.html

对这个问题,首先能想到的解决办法是,在GridViewColumn的CellTemplate中,放上一个Border,然后设置Border的BorderBrush和BorderThickness。例如:

<GridViewColumn.CellTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" UseLayoutRounding="True">
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Id}"/>
</Border>
</DataTemplate>
</GridViewColumn.CellTemplate>

 

但是,很快你会发现,Border不能随着列宽的变化而变化,就像这样:

而且,即使将ListView的HorizontalContentAlignment置为Stretch,也不能起到作用。必须在ListViewItem上设置HorizontalContentAlignment="True"。因此,必须添加一个ListViewItem的样式,统一指定:

 

<Style TargetType="ListViewItem">
<Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Stretch"/>
</Style>

但问题还是没有解决,因为Border不能填满整个Cell,就像这样:

于是,你得小心的设置各个Border的Margin,来让它们“恰好”都连在一起,看上去就像是连续的线条。也许调整Margin还不够,还得修改ListViewItem的模板;模板修改好了,发现创建这么多的Border性能又跟不上;最头大的是,每个Column都要指定一次CellTemplate,万一哪天边线的颜色要统一调整一下……

因此,这种办法固然可行,操作起来其实麻烦的要死。

 

有没有一种方式,可以直接在ListView上“画线”呢?固然,我们可以自己写一个ListView,在OnRender里面画线什么的,但理想的情况还是能够在可以不改动任何现有控件的条件下,实现这个画网格的功能。同时,这个网格线的颜色可以随意调整就更好了。

因此,总的要求如下:

1、可以画网格

2、不用改动ListView,或者自己写ListView

3、可以调整网格的颜色

 

如果对设计模式熟悉的话,“不改动现有代码,增加新的功能”,应该马上能够想到装饰器模式。其实,WPF中本身就有Decorator这个控件,而常用的Border就是一个Decorator,可以帮助控件画背景色,画边线等等。

因此,如果能够有这么一个Decorator,把ListView往里面一放,就能有画线的功能,岂不快哉?不过,这里我并不打算直接继承Decorator来修改,因为WPF提供的Decorator是针对所有UIElment的,而我们只想针对ListView。

GridLineDecorator直接继承自FrameworkElement,并且通过重载VisualChild和LogicalChild相关的代码来显示其包装的ListView。 

 

GridLineDecorator
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Markup;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Threading;

namespace ListViewWithLines
{
[ContentProperty(
"Target")]
public class GridLineDecorator : FrameworkElement
{
private ListView _target;
private DrawingVisual _gridLinesVisual = new DrawingVisual();
private GridViewHeaderRowPresenter _headerRowPresenter = null;

public GridLineDecorator()
{
this.AddVisualChild(_gridLinesVisual);
this.AddHandler(ScrollViewer.ScrollChangedEvent, new RoutedEventHandler(OnScrollChanged));
}

#region GridLineBrush

/// <summary>
/// GridLineBrush Dependency Property
/// </summary>
public static readonly DependencyProperty GridLineBrushProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register(
"GridLineBrush", typeof(Brush), typeof(GridLineDecorator),
new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(Brushes.LightGray,
new PropertyChangedCallback(OnGridLineBrushChanged)));

/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the GridLineBrush property. This dependency property
/// indicates ....
/// </summary>
public Brush GridLineBrush
{
get { return (Brush)GetValue(GridLineBrushProperty); }
set { SetValue(GridLineBrushProperty, value); }
}

/// <summary>
/// Handles changes to the GridLineBrush property.
/// </summary>
private static void OnGridLineBrushChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
((GridLineDecorator)d).OnGridLineBrushChanged(e);
}

/// <summary>
/// Provides derived classes an opportunity to handle changes to the GridLineBrush property.
/// </summary>
protected virtual void OnGridLineBrushChanged(DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
DrawGridLines();
}

#endregion

#region Target

public ListView Target
{
get { return _target; }
set
{
if (_target != value)
{
if (_target != null) Detach();
RemoveVisualChild(_target);
RemoveLogicalChild(_target);

_target
= value;

AddVisualChild(_target);
AddLogicalChild(_target);
if (_target != null) Attach();

InvalidateMeasure();
}
}
}

private void GetGridViewHeaderPresenter()
{
if (Target == null)
{
_headerRowPresenter
= null;
return;
}
_headerRowPresenter
= Target.GetDesendentChild<GridViewHeaderRowPresenter>();
}

#endregion

#region DrawGridLines

private void DrawGridLines()
{
if (Target == null) return;
if (_headerRowPresenter == null) return;

var itemCount
= Target.Items.Count;
if (itemCount == 0) return;

var gridView
= Target.View as GridView;
if (gridView == null) return;

// 获取drawingContext
var drawingContext = _gridLinesVisual.RenderOpen();
var startPoint
= new Point(0, 0);
var totalHeight
= 0.0;

// 为了对齐到像素的计算参数,否则就会看到有些线是模糊的
var dpiFactor = this.GetDpiFactor();
var pen
= new Pen(this.GridLineBrush, 1 * dpiFactor);
var halfPenWidth
= pen.Thickness / 2;
var guidelines
= new GuidelineSet();

// 画横线
for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++)
{
var item
= Target.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(i) as ListViewItem;
if (item != null)
{
var renderSize
= item.RenderSize;
var offset
= item.TranslatePoint(startPoint, this);

var hLineX1
= offset.X;
var hLineX2
= offset.X + renderSize.Width;
var hLineY
= offset.Y + renderSize.Height;

// 加入参考线,对齐到像素
guidelines.GuidelinesY.Add(hLineY + halfPenWidth);
drawingContext.PushGuidelineSet(guidelines);
drawingContext.DrawLine(pen,
new Point(hLineX1, hLineY), new Point(hLineX2, hLineY));
drawingContext.Pop();

// 计算竖线总高度
totalHeight += renderSize.Height;
}
}

// 画竖线
var columns = gridView.Columns;
var headerOffset
= _headerRowPresenter.TranslatePoint(startPoint, this);
var headerSize
= _headerRowPresenter.RenderSize;

var vLineX
= headerOffset.X;
var vLineY1
= headerOffset.Y + headerSize.Height;

foreach (var column in columns)
{
var columnWidth
= column.GetColumnWidth();
vLineX
+= columnWidth;

// 加入参考线,对齐到像素
guidelines.GuidelinesX.Add(vLineX + halfPenWidth);
drawingContext.PushGuidelineSet(guidelines);
drawingContext.DrawLine(pen,
new Point(vLineX, vLineY1), new Point(vLineX, totalHeight));
drawingContext.Pop();
}

drawingContext.Close();
}

#endregion

#region Overrides to show Target and grid lines

protected override int VisualChildrenCount
{
get { return Target == null ? 1 : 2; }
}

protected override System.Collections.IEnumerator LogicalChildren
{
get { yield return Target; }
}

protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index)
{
if (index == 0) return _target;
if (index == 1) return _gridLinesVisual;
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(string.Format("Index of visual child '{0}' is out of range", index));
}

protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size availableSize)
{
if (Target != null)
{
Target.Measure(availableSize);
return Target.DesiredSize;
}

return base.MeasureOverride(availableSize);
}

protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize)
{
if (Target != null)
Target.Arrange(
new Rect(new Point(0, 0), finalSize));

return base.ArrangeOverride(finalSize);
}

#endregion

#region Handle Events

private void Attach()
{
_target.Loaded
+= OnTargetLoaded;
_target.Unloaded
+= OnTargetUnloaded;
}

private void Detach()
{
_target.Loaded
-= OnTargetLoaded;
_target.Unloaded
-= OnTargetUnloaded;
}

private void OnTargetLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
if (_headerRowPresenter == null)
GetGridViewHeaderPresenter();
DrawGridLines();
}

private void OnTargetUnloaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
DrawGridLines();
}

private void OnScrollChanged(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
DrawGridLines();
}

#endregion
}
}

 

其中,Target是一个属性,类型是ListView,而有一个_guidLinesVisual,则是用于绘制网格的DrawingVisual。有人可能会问,为什么不直接重载OnRender方法,在里面画线呢?

 

理由是,重载OnRender方法画线,当ListView设置了背景后,会将我们画的线盖住。这是因为控件的背景是在模板中放了一个Border来绘制的,Border也是在OnRender中绘制的,它后绘制,我们的先绘制,会将我们画的线给盖住。同时,你会发现,当ListView的Column改变大小的时候,并不会引起GridLineDecorator重绘,所以网格线无法同步变化。

其实,GridLineDecorator里面的GetVisualChild重载也非常讲究:

代码
protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index)
{
if (index == 0) return _target;
if (index == 1) return _gridLinesVisual;
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(string.Format("Index of visual child '{0}' is out of range", index));
}

首先返回的是ListView,接着才是_gridLinesVisual。
不过,即使是使用DrawingVisual,也会有Column宽度改变无法通知重绘的问题。解决这个问题有好几个思路:
1、监听一下GridViewColumn的宽度变化
2、监听CompositionTarget.Rendering事件
第一个办法,不可行,因为GridViewColumn的宽度变化事件你找不到,第二办法是可行,不过效率嘛……

在经过一番研究之后,终于找到了一个可行的办法,监听ScrollViewer的ScrollChanged事件,因为ListView内部是放置了两个ScrollViewer,一个用于显示Header,一个用于显示Items。当Column的宽度变化时,会触发ScrollViewer的ScrollChanged事件。

 

因此,在构造函数里面:

代码
public GridLineDecorator()
{
this.AddVisualChild(_gridLinesVisual);
this.AddHandler(ScrollViewer.ScrollChangedEvent, new RoutedEventHandler(OnScrollChanged));
}

画线的逻辑,主要就是遍历所有的Container(其实是ListViewItem),计算其相对于GridLineDecorator的位移,算出横线和纵线的坐标和长度,画线。代码比较多,大家可以下载以后自己看。

细心的童鞋可能会发现,有时候底部的线条在ListViewItem显示不完整时,没有画到最下端,这是由于ListView做了Virtualize处理。大家可以设置VirtualizingStackPanel.IsVirtualizing="False"来强制绘制。

附代码:https://files.cnblogs.com/RMay/ListViewWithLines.zip

posted @ 2010-12-27 16:59  大佛脚下  阅读(8288)  评论(11编辑  收藏  举报