数据结构化与保存
1. 将新闻的正文内容保存到文本文件。
import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup url = "http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/" res = requests.get(url) res.encoding = "utf-8" soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, "html.parser") def writeNewsDetails(contents): f = open('gzccnews.txt', "a", encoding="utf-8") f.write(contents) f.close()
2. 将新闻数据结构化为字典的列表:
- 单条新闻的详情-->字典news
- 一个列表页所有单条新闻汇总-->列表newsls.append(news)
- 所有列表页的所有新闻汇总列表newstotal.extend(newsls)
def getClickCount(newUrl): newsId = re.findall("\_(.*).html", newUrl)[0].split("/")[-1] res = requests.get("http://oa.gzcc.cn/api.php?op=count&id= {}&modelid=80".format(newsId)) return int(res.text.split(".html")[-1].lstrip("('").rsplit("');")[0]) def getNewDetails(newsDetailUrl): detail_res = requests.get(newsDetailUrl) detail_res.encoding = "utf-8" detail_soup = BeautifulSoup(detail_res.text, "html.parser") news = {} news['title'] = detail_soup.select(".show-title")[0].text info = detail_soup.select(".show-info")[0].text news['date_time'] = datetime.strptime(info.lstrip('发布时间:')[:19], "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if info.find('来源:') > 0: news['source'] = info[info.find("来源:"):].split()[0].lstrip('来源:') else: news['source'] = 'none' news['content'] = detail_soup.select("#content")[0].text news['click'] = getClickCount(newsDetailUrl) return news def getPageN(url): res = requests.get(url) res.encoding = 'utf-8' soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser') return int(soup.select(".a1")[0].text.rstrip("条")) // 10 + 1 def getListPage(url): newsList = [] for news in soup.select("li"): if len(news.select(".news-list-title")) > 0: detail_url = news.select('a')[0].attrs['href'] newsList.append(getNewDetails(detail_url)) return newsList newsTotal = [] totalPageNum = getPageN(url) firstPageUrl = "http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/" newsTotal.extend(getListPage(firstPageUrl)) for num in range(totalPageNum, totalPageNum + 1): listpageurl = "http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/{}.html".format(num) getListPage(listpageurl)
3. 安装pandas,用pandas.DataFrame(newstotal),创建一个DataFrame对象df.
df = pandas.DataFrame(newsTotal) print(df)
4. 通过df将提取的数据保存到csv或excel 文件。
df.to_excel('gzcss.xlsx')
5. 用pandas提供的函数和方法进行数据分析:
- 提取包含点击次数、标题、来源的前6行数据
- 提取‘学校综合办’发布的,‘点击次数’超过3000的新闻。
- 提取'国际学院'和'学生工作处'发布的新闻。
- 进取2018年3月的新闻
print(df[['title','clickCount','source']][:6]) print(df[(df['clickCount']>3000)&(df['source']=='学校综合办')]) sou = ['国际学院','学生工作处'] print(df[df['source'].isin(sou)]) df1 = df.set_index('time') print(df1['2018-03'])
6. 保存到sqlite3数据库
import sqlite3 with sqlite3.connect('gzccnewsdb.sqlite') as db: df3.to_sql('gzccnews05',con = db, if_exists='replace')
7. 从sqlite3读数据
with sqlite3.connect('gzccnewsdb.sqlite') as db: df2 = pandas.read_sql_query('SELECT * FROM gzccnews05',con=db) print(df2)
8. df保存到mysql数据库
安装SQLALchemy
安装PyMySQL
MySQL里创建数据库:create database gzccnews charset utf8;
MySQL里查看已保存了数据。(通过MySQL Client或Navicate。)
import pymysql from sqlalchemy import create_engine conn = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:root@localhost:3306/gzccnews?charset=utf8') pandas.io.sql.to_sql(df, 'gzccnews', con=conn, if_exists='replace')