http接口测试框架-python
简单分解一下
接口测试框架设计:
主入口 -> 遍历接口/用例 -> 发送请求+接收响应 ->结果的对比 -> 生成报告 ->发送email
分成几大类：
主入口的py文件
src-核心代码文件
遍历case，发送请求和接收响应
存放case的
2、数据库里维护
3、excel里维护
包括的字段：编号，接口名称，地址前缀，请求地址，请求方法，请求数据类型，请 求数据，检查点，是否运行，测试结果，响应参数
公共函数：被多次重复调用，且没有依赖性
commans-存放公共函数库文件
2、数据库里维护
3、excel里维护
包括的字段：
reports存放报告
excel
放插件的目录
log日志目录
1\先编写请求类,requests库里各类请求的封装
#! /usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 import requests import json #定义请求类 class Interface_Request: def req_get(self,url,params,headers): try: r = requests.get(url,params=params,headers=headers) #转换为python类型的字典格式,json包的响应结果，调用json(),转换成python类型 json_r = r.json() return json_r except BaseException as e: print("请求不能完成:",str(e)) def post_kv(self,url,data,headers): try: r = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers) #转换为python类型的字典格式,json包的响应结果，调用json(),转换成python类型 json_r = r.json() #print(json_r) return json_r except BaseException as e: print("请求不能完成:",str(e)) def post_json(self,url,data,headers): try: #python类型转化为json类型 data = json.dumps(data) r = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers) json_r = r.json() return json_r except Exception as e: print("请求不能完成:",str(e)) ''' 下面为测试代码 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d" params = {"key":"e711bc6362b3179f5a28de7fd3ee4ace","date":"2016-5-14"} headers = {} req = Interface_Request() req.req_get(url,params,headers) req.post_kv(url,params,headers) req.post_json(url,params,headers) '''
2\接口类编写,完成调用请求并接受响应然后对结果进行对比,对结果和响应的写入
import requests import re import sys sys.path.append("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/接口自动化测试/common") from laohuangli_requests import Interface_Request ''' class InterfaceTest(object): def 方法名称(self): 请求类的调用,发送请求,获取响应 re.search(检查点,响应内容) re.search(rro_code:'0',r)#匹配到就返回Ture,没有就返回False if re.search(rro_code:'0',r): print("xxxxxx") else: print(xxxxxx) ''' ''' class InterfaceTest: def testGet(self): url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d" params = {"key":"e711bc6362b3179f5a28de7fd3ee4ace","date":"2016-5-14"} headers = {} req = Interface_Request() req_get = req.req_get(url,params = params,headers = headers) print(str(req_get)) if(re.search("'error_code': 0",str(req_get))): print("pass") else: print("fail") it = InterfaceTest() it.testGet() ''' class InterfaceTest: def testrequest(self,url,uri,params,reqform,dataform,checkpoint,headers,i,sheet,num,name,log): #可选 ''' headers = {'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8'} headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=utf-8'} ''' #生成请求类的对象 req = Interface_Request() #req_get = req.req_get(url,params = params,headers = headers) #请求前缀和接口地址的拼接 full_url = url + uri #判断请求类型 if(reqform == 'GET'): #调用请求类的函数,得到返回结果 self.req_test = req.req_get(full_url,params,headers) elif(reqform == 'POST' and dataform == 'Form'): self.req_test = req.post_kv(full_url,params,headers) elif(reqform == 'POST' and dataform == 'Json'): headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=utf-8'} self.req_test = req.post_json(full_url,params,headers) else: print("请求不通过,请检查case用例配置") print(self.req_test) #检查点与响应数据做对比 if(re.search(checkpoint,str(self.req_test))): sheet.cell(row = i,column = 11).value = "成功" #row是通过遍历case类传递的 sheet.cell(row = i,column = 12).value = str(self.req_test) log.info("用例编号"+ str(num) + " " + name + "接口执行成功") else: sheet.cell(row = i,column = 11).value = "失败" sheet.cell(row = i,column = 12).value = str(self.req_test) log.error("用例编号"+ str(num) + " " + name + "接口执行失败") ''' #请求前缀 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/" #接口地址 uri = "laohuangli/d" params = {"key":"e711bc6362b3179f5a28de7fd3ee4ace","date":"2016-5-14"} headers = {} #请求类型 reqform = 'post' #数据类型 dataform = 'json' #检查点 checkpoint = "'error_code': 0" it = InterfaceTest() it.testrequest(url,uri,params,reqform,dataform,checkpoint,headers) '''
3\遍历case,读取数据,传入数据给接口类,得到请求类的数据,实际结果与预期结果做对比,填写case,得到报告
#! /usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 import openpyxl import sys sys.path.append("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/接口自动化测试/src") from laohuangli_InterfaceTest import InterfaceTest sys.path.append("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/接口自动化测试/common") from log import Log #避免转义,将\写成/ #path = "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/laohuangli-testcase.xlsx" class ReadCase: def get_case(self,path1,path2): log = Log('C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/接口自动化测试/logs/test.log') try: #打开excel文件,返回标记位给wb wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(path1) log.info("打开测试用例成功!") except BaseException as e: log.info("打开测试测试用例失败:",str(e)) #获取sheet(第二个sheet) sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name("TestCase") print("获取指定的工作表:",sheet.title) #for循环遍历case for i in range(2,sheet.max_row + 1): if sheet.cell(row = i,column = 10).value.replace('\n','').replace('r','') != 'Yes': continue request_data1 = sheet.cell(row = i,column = 1).value print(type(request_data1),request_data1) request_data2 = sheet.cell(row = i,column = 2).value print(type(request_data2),request_data2) request_data3 = sheet.cell(row = i,column = 3).value print(type(request_data3),request_data3) request_data4 = sheet.cell(row = i,column = 4).value print(type(request_data4),request_data4) request_data5 = sheet.cell(row = i,column = 5).value print(type(request_data5),request_data5) request_data6 = sheet.cell(row = i,column = 6).value print(type(request_data6),request_data6) request_data7 = sheet.cell(row = i,column = 7).value #excel里取出来的是字符串,需要用eval函数转换 #取的是字符串,转换成字典 request_data7 = eval(request_data7) print(type(request_data7),request_data7) request_data8 = sheet.cell(row = i,column = 8).value print(type(request_data8),request_data8) request_data9 = sheet.cell(row = i,column = 9).value print(type(request_data9),request_data9) #调用接口类 headers = {} it = InterfaceTest() it.testrequest(request_data3,request_data4,request_data7,request_data5,request_data6,request_data8,headers,i,sheet,request_data1,request_data2,log) #保存数据,excel另存为 wb.save(path2) ''' #测试用例地址 path1 = "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/laohuangli-testcase.xlsx" path2 = "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/laohuangli-testreport.xlsx" readcase1 = ReadCase() readcase1.get_case(path1,path2) if sheet.cell(row = i,column = 10).value.replace('\n','').replace('r','') != 'Yes': continue request_data1 = sheet.cell(row = i,column = 2).value.replace('\n','').replace('r','') #excel里取出来的是字符串,需要用eval函数转换 print(type(request_data1)) request_data1 = eval(request_data1) print(request_data1) '''
4\发送邮件的代码封装成类
#! /usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 import smtplib import email.mime.multipart import email.mime.text from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication ''' 先来想下发送邮件需要填写什么，还需要有什么条件 1.与邮件服务器建立连接,用户名和密码 2.发邮件:发件人\收件人\主题\内容\附件 3.发送 ''' class SendMail: def send_mail(self,sender,receiver,title,attach_xlsx,attach_jpg): msg=email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart()#生成包含多个邮件体的对象 msg['from']=sender msg['to']=receiver msg['subject']= title content=''' Hi all， 这是一封huipaodexiong自动化测试发送的邮件 QQ:361702852 博客：xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 微信号:361702852 带附件 ''' print('成功1') #邮件正文,将文件正文当成附件发送,当正文内容很多时,提高效率 txt=email.mime.text.MIMEText(content) msg.attach(txt) print('成功2') #excel附件--固定格式 xlsxpart = MIMEApplication(open(attach_xlsx, 'rb').read()) xlsxpart.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='laohuangli-testcase1.xlsx') msg.attach(xlsxpart) #jpg图片附件 jpgpart = MIMEApplication(open(attach_jpg, 'rb').read()) jpgpart.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='接口测试框架.jpg') msg.attach(jpgpart) #发送邮件 smtp=smtplib smtp=smtplib.SMTP() smtp.set_debuglevel(1)#设置为调试模式，console中显示 print('成功3') smtp.connect('smtp.126.com','25') #链接服务器，smtp地址+端口 print('成功4') smtp.login('huipaodexiong@126.com','xxxxxx') #登录，用户名+密码 print('成功5') smtp.sendmail(sender,receiver,str(msg)) #发送，from+to+内容 smtp.quit() print('发送邮件成功') """ sender = 'huipaodexiong@126.com' receiver = 'huipaodexiong@126.com' title = '测试文件' attach_xlsx = 'C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/laohuangli-testcase1.xlsx' attach_jpg = 'C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/接口测试框架.jpg' mail = SendMail() mail.send_mail(sender,receiver,title,attach_xlsx,attach_jpg) """
5\主文件入口
调用遍历case类,并传递相关参数(case文件,report文件)
调用发送邮件的类,并传递相关参数(发件人,收件人,主题,附件)
#! /usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 import sys sys.path.append("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/接口自动化测试/src") from readCase import ReadCase sys.path.append("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/接口自动化测试/common") from sendMail import SendMail path1 = "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/接口自动化测试/case/laohuangli-testcase.xlsx" path2 = "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/接口自动化测试/report/laohuangli-testreport.xlsx" rc = ReadCase() rc.get_case(path1,path2) sender = 'huipaodexiong@126.com' receiver = 'huipaodexiong@126.com' title = '测试文件' attach_jpg = 'C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/接口自动化测试/report/接口测试流程图.jpg' mail = SendMail() mail.send_mail(sender,receiver,title,path2,attach_jpg) print("成功")
6\日志类,关键地方打印日志
接口判断,调用请求,请求结果\....等等一些重要地方打印日志
#! /usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 import logging import os #实现,让日志信息既在控制台,也在指定路径的文件中输出 #日志级别等级 CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG class Log(): def __init__(self,log_file): #创建一个logger,顶级的根目录getlogger,有两个分支,一个是FileHander,一个是StreamHandler self.logger = logging.getLogger('mylogger') self.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) #创建一个handler,将log写入文件 fh = logging.FileHandler(log_file,mode = 'w') fh.setLevel(logging.INFO) #再创建一个handler,将log输出到控制台 ch = logging.StreamHandler() ch.setLevel(logging.INFO) #设置输出格式 log_format = "%(asctime)s %(filename)s [line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s: %(message)s" #把格式添加进来 formatter = logging.Formatter(log_format) fh.setFormatter(formatter) ch.setFormatter(formatter) #把handler添加到logger里,其实你理解为汇报给大领导即可 self.logger.addHandler(fh) self.logger.addHandler(ch) def info(self,content): self.logger.info(content) def error(self,content): self.logger.error(content) ''' log1 = Log('D:/接口自动化测试/logs/test.log') log1.info("测试") ''' ''' logger.error('下雨了') logger.info('打雷了') logger.debug('收衣服了') '''
简单的运行结果:
