网络文件共享服务之虚拟用户小实验
实验一、实现基于文件验证的vsftpd虚拟用户
实验工具:主机centos7 测试机centos6
步骤如下:
1、创建用户数据库文件
[root@centos7 ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# vim vusers.txt (创建一个存储用户及密码的文本)
hehe
123456
haha
234567
xixi
345678
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# db_load -T -t hash -f vusers.txt vusers.db (转换文本格式)
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# ll -l vusers.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12288 Oct 26 17:36 vusers.db
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# chmod 600 vusers.db (为了账户安全,权限设严谨一点)
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# ll -l vusers.db
-rw-------. 1 root root 12288 Oct 26 17:36 vusers.db
2、创建用户和访问FTP目录
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# useradd -d /var/ftproot -s /sbin/nologin vuser (haha、hehe、xixi映射为vuser账号)
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# chmod +rs /var/ftproot/
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# chmod -w /var/ftproot/
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# mkdir /var/ftproot/upload
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# setfacl -m u:vuser:rwx /var/ftproot/upload/ (给用户vuser读写执行权限)
3、创建pam配置文件
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# vim /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.db
auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vusers (实名验证需要.so文件,此文件路径存放于db变量里,pam_userdb.so模块用来验证用户身份)
account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vusers (账号有效性也是通过此模块验证)
4、指定pam配置文件
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf
guest_enable=yes (启用映射)
guest_username=vuser (指定映射用户名)
pam_service_name=vsftpd.db
5、虚拟用户建立独立的配置文件
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# mkdir vusers.d
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vusers.d (设置每个用户加上独立的权限,用户的独立文件存放于此路径)
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd/vusers.d]# vim hehe
anon_upload_enable=yes (允许上传)
anon_mkdir_write_enable=yes (允许新建文件夹)
anon_other_write_enable=yes
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd/vusers.d]# vim haha
local_root=/ftproot (登录目录改变为指定的目录)
6、重启服务
[root@centos7 /etc/vsftpd/vusers.d]# systemctl restart vsftpd
7、测试
①hehe用户进行测试
[root@centos6 ~]# ftp 192.168.152.167
Connected to 192.168.152.167 (192.168.152.167).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
Name (192.168.152.167:root): hehe
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,152,167,22,251).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxrwsr-x 2 0 1016 20 Oct 26 11:46 upload
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> cd upload
250 Directory successfully changed.
ftp> put f1.awk
local: f1.awk remote: f1.awk
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,152,167,58,155).
150 Ok to send data.
226 Transfer complete.
41 bytes sent in 7.6e-05 secs (539.47 Kbytes/sec)
ftp> exit
221 Goodbye.
②xixi用户进行测试
[root@centos6 ~]# ftp 192.168.152.167
Connected to 192.168.152.167 (192.168.152.167).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
Name (192.168.152.167:root): xixi
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,152,167,191,50).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxrwsr-x 2 0 1016 20 Oct 26 11:46 upload
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> cd upload
250 Directory successfully changed.
ftp> put f1.awk
local: f1.awk remote: f1.awk
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,152,167,191,205).
550 Permission denied. (因为xixi没有建立独立的配置文件,所以拒绝,默认不能上传)
ftp> exit
221 Goodbye.
实验二、实现基于MYSQL验证的vsftpd虚拟用户
实验说明:本实验在两台centos主机上实现,一台做为FTP服务器,一台做数据库服务器
工具:主机 centos7(mairadb server) 主机 centos6(ftp server) 主机Centos6-1(测试机)
步骤如下:
1、安装实验所需包
①Centos7:安装数据库包
[root@centos7 ~]# yum install mariadb-server (安装)
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl start mariadb (启动服务)
②Centos6:安装vsftpd和pam_mysql包
[root@centos6 ~]# yum install vsftpd
[root@centos6 ~]# yum install pam_mysql(centos7不支持pam-mysql模块,需要编译安装)
2、在数据库服务器(centos7)上创建虚拟用户账号
①建立存储虚拟用户数据库和连接的数据库用户
[root@centos7 ~]# mysql_secure_installation (为了安全,设密码) [root@centos7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p (登录并创建虚拟账号) Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 3 Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> creat database vsftpd; (创建数据库) ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'creat database vsftpd' at line 1 MariaDB [(none)]> create database vsftpd; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
②准备相关表
MariaDB [(none)]> use vsftpd; (使用数据库) Database changed MariaDB [vsftpd]> create table ftpusers (name char(30),pass char(50)); (创建数据表) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
③添加虚拟用户
MariaDB [vsftpd]> insert ftpusers values('hehe',password('123456')),('haha',password('234567')); (设用户) Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [vsftpd]> grant select on vsftpd.ftpusers to 'ftp'@'192.168.152.166' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) (授予ftp用户查询权限) MariaDB [vsftpd]> select * from ftpusers; +------+-------------------------------------------+ | name | pass | +------+-------------------------------------------+ | hehe | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | haha | *FD408300A2CBA95D1FCBB97C4E21D38D4B7E446D | +------+-------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [vsftpd]>
3、在FTP服务器(centos6)上配置vsftp服务
①在FTP服务器上建立pam认证所需文件
[root@centos6 ~]# cd /etc/pam.d/
[root@centos6 /etc/pam.d]# vim vsftpd.mysql
auth required pam_mysql.so user=ftp passwd=123456 host=192.168.152.166 db=vsftpd table=ftpusers usercolumn=name passwdcolumn=pass crypt=2
account required pam_mysql.so user=ftp passwd=123456 host=192.168.152.166 db=vsftpd table=ftpusers usercolumn=name passwdcolumn=pass crypt=2
crypt是一种加密方式,2表示使用mysql password()函数加密
②建立相应用户和修改vsftpd配置文件,使其适应mysql认证建立虚拟用户映射的系统用户及对应的目录
[root@centos6 /etc/pam.d]# useradd -d /app/ftpdir -r -m ftpuser (创建用户)
[root@centos6 /etc/pam.d]# ll -d /app/ftpdir/
drwx------. 4 ftpuser ftpuser 4096 Oct 26 21:33 /app/ftpdir/
[root@centos6 /etc/pam.d]# chmod -w /app/ftpdir/ (减去写权限)
[root@centos6 /etc/pam.d]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
pam_service_name=vsftpd.mysql (修改此行,原系统用户无法登录)
guest_enable=yes
guest_username=ftpuser
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/conf.d/
[root@centos6 ~]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/conf.d (创建配置文件中指定的目录)
[root@centos6 ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/conf.d/
[root@centos6 /etc/vsftpd/conf.d]# vim hehe (修改hehe用户配置)
anon_upload_enable=yes (允许匿名用户上传)
[root@centos6 /etc/vsftpd/conf.d]# vim haha
local_root=/app/hahadir
[root@centos6 /etc/vsftpd/conf.d]# mkdir /app/hehedir
[root@centos6 /etc/vsftpd/conf.d]# chmod 555 /app/hehedir/
[root@centos6 /etc/vsftpd/conf.d]# mkdir /app/hehedir/upload
[root@centos6 /etc/vsftpd/conf.d]# chown ftpuser /app/hehedir/upload/
[root@centos6 /etc/vsftpd/conf.d]# mkdir /app/hahadir
[root@centos6 /etc/vsftpd/conf.d]# chmod 555 /app/hahadir/
4、启动vsftpd服务
[root@centos6 /etc/vsftpd/conf.d]# service vsftpd start
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
[root@centos6 /etc/vsftpd/conf.d]# chkconfig vsftpd on
[root@centos6 /etc/vsftpd/conf.d]# ss -ntl |grep :21
LISTEN 0 32 *:21 *:*
5、测试
[root@centos6-1 ~]# ftp 192.168.152.166
Connected to 192.168.152.166 (192.168.152.166).
220 (vsFTPd 2.2.2)
Name (192.168.152.166:root): hehe
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,152,166,186,189).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Sep 28 01:12 pub
226 Directory send OK.
ftp>
好啦,实验完成,大家有什么问题的话可以提交评论哦~