openpyxl基础

一、官方文档
https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io

二 openpyxl常用属性函数

常用函数或者属性                    说明
openpyxl.load_workbook()            加载excel工作本
Workbook.active                        获得默认sheet
Workbook.create_sheet()                创建sheet
Workbook.get_sheet_names()            已过时, 获得所有sheet名称
workbook.sheetnames                    获得所有sheet名称
workbook.get_sheet_by_name(name)    已过时获得指定的sheet对象
workbook[sheetname]                    获得指定的sheet对象
workbook.copy_worksheet(soure)        复制sheet
sheet[cell]                            获取单个单元格
sheet.cell(self, row, column, value=None)        获取单个单元格
sheet[cell,cell]                    访问多个单元格
sheet.iter_rows(min_row, max_col, max_row)        返回多行,用于访问多个单元格
sheet.iter_cols(min_row, max_col, max_row)        返回多列,用于访问多个单元格
sheet.rows                            获取所有行
sheet.columns                        获取所有列
cell.value                            获取属性值
sheet.merge_cells()                    合并单元格
sheet.unmerge_cells()                取消合并单元格


三 读取excel
读取整体流程如下:

加载工作本
获取标签页
获取指定区域的单元格
获取单个单元格对象
通过单元格对象获取值


3.1 创建一个名为zszxz.xlsx excel文件;其中标签sheet名为zszxz; 列A B C 如下;

id num name
1 100 zszxz
2 101 smile
3 102 kitty
4 103 wolf
5 104 cloud
6 105 water

3.2 支持操作excel和图像(安装第三方库即可)
pip install openpyxl
pip install pillow


3.3 获取所有标签页名称
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获得所有sheet标签页
sheet_names = workbook.get_sheet_names()
print(sheet_names)
输出
['zszxz']

正确的获取方式
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获得所有标签页名称
print(workbook.sheetnames)


3.4 获取指定标签页对象
不建议通过方法获得标签页对象,建议通过属性方式获取;
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获得指定的sheet
sheet = workbook.get_sheet_by_name('zszxz')
print(sheet)
输出
<Worksheet "zszxz">

正确的获取方式
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
print(sheet)
输出
<Worksheet "zszxz">
==>>注:也可以通过循环工作本方式获取sheet


3.5 复制sheet
在已有的sheet上可以进行复制一个副本;
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 复制sheet
cp_sheet = workbook.copy_worksheet(sheet)
print(cp_sheet)
输出
<Worksheet "zszxz Copy">

3.5 获取指定一个单元格对象
指定获取A1单元格对象
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 获取指定单元格
cell = sheet['A1']
print(cell)
输出
<Cell 'zszxz'.A1>

方式二
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 获取指定单元格
cell = sheet.cell(row=1, column=1)
print(cell)
输出
<Cell 'zszxz'.A1>


3.6 访问多个单元格
访问单元格获取单元格对象;
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
cells_range = sheet['A1':'C1']
for cells in cells_range:
  for cell in cells:
    print(cell)
输出
<Cell 'zszxz'.A1>
<Cell 'zszxz'.B1>
<Cell 'zszxz'.C1>

方式二
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 获取指定范围的行
row = sheet.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=1)
for cell in row:
    print(cell)
输出
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A1>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B1>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C1>)
sheet.iter_cols(min_row, max_col, max_row)通用的


3.7 获取全部行
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 获取所有行
for row in sheet.rows:
  print(row)
输出
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A1>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B1>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C1>)
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A2>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B2>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C2>)
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A3>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B3>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C3>)
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A4>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B4>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C4>)
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A5>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B5>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C5>)
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A6>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B6>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C6>)
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A7>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B7>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C7>)
同理 sheet.columns获取所有列


3.8 获取值
cell.value获取属性值
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
cells_range = sheet['A1':'C1']
for cells in cells_range:
  for cell in cells:
   # 获取属性值
    print(cell.value)
输出
id
num
name


四 写入 excel
4.1 写入文本
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 写入文本形式
sheet['A1'] = 'zszxz666'
# 读取
print(sheet['A1'].value)
# 保存
workbook.save(path)
输出
zszxz666


4.2 写入数字
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
import datetime
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 写入值数字形式
sheet['A2'] = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
print(sheet['A2'].value)
# 保存
workbook.save(path)
输出
2010-07-21 00:00:00

4.3 写入公式
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 写入公式
sheet['A3'] = '=SUM(1, 1)'
print(sheet['A3'].value)
# 保存
workbook.save(path)
输出
=SUM(1, 1)
实际中A3单元格值为2


4.4 合并单元格
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 合并单元格
sheet.merge_cells('A2:D2')
# 保存
workbook.save(path)

4.4.1取消合并单元格
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 取消合并单元格
sheet.unmerge_cells('A2:D2')
# 保存
workbook.save(path)


4.5 插入图片
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 设置图像
img = Image(r'C:\xx\main.jpg')
# 设置图像单元格说明
sheet['A1'] = 'you are my angel'
# 插入图片
sheet.add_image(img, 'A1')
# 保存
workbook.save(path)


 

4.6 隐藏轮廓
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz_write.xlsx'
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
ws = wb.create_sheet()
# 隐藏行 A-B
ws.column_dimensions.group('A', 'B', hidden=True)
# 隐藏 列 1 -5 
ws.row_dimensions.group(1, 5, hidden=True)
wb.save(path)

4.7 设置行高列高
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 写入文本形式
sheet['A1'] = 'zszxz666'
# 设置行高
sheet.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
# 设置列高
sheet.column_dimensions['A'].width = 30
workbook.save(path)

五 删除sheet
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获得sheet
sheet = workbook['Sheet']
# 移除sheet
workbook.remove(sheet)
# 保存
workbook.save(path)

六 更新工作表
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获得sheet
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 获得值
val = sheet['A1'].value
print(val)
# 重新赋值
new_val = sheet['A1'].value = 'zszxz'
print(new_val)
# 保存
workbook.save(path)


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
path = r'C:\xx\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获得sheet
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 获得值
val = sheet['A1'].value
print(val)
# 重新赋值
new_val = sheet['A1'].value = 'zszxz'
print(new_val)
# 保存
workbook.save(path)
输出
zszxz666
zszxz

 

posted on 2020-11-13 16:02  QiKa  阅读(229)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报