SSM-Spring、SpringMVC、MyBatis集成
1、 简介
SSM 包含三大框架:
- Spring MVC (web level),采取 MVC 架构,意图取代麻烦的 Servlet 写法,简化 web 层
- MyBatis (dao level),意图取代 jdbc 操作数据库,轻量级、灵活、高效
- Spring,提供了 IoC(容器,用来管理组装对象) 和 AoP(切面,用来自动增强对象功能) 功能,它用来将对象和其他框架组织在一起
2、 首先,创建项目
推荐使用 Maven 或者 Gradle 创建 ssm 项目。
可以选择在 Idea 下面,创建 Maven 或 Gradle 项目即可。
3、 其次,增加依赖(jar 包)
Maven 的配置文件是 pom.xml,想为项目添加依赖,只需要向 pom.xml 增加相关配置即可。
这是示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.nf147</groupId> <artifactId>BookStore_SSM</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>BookStore_SSM Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <!--spring 所需要的 jar 包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>5.1.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>5.1.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.1.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!--spring mvc 的依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!--mybatis jar 包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.4.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <!--数据库相关 jar 包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId> <artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId> <version>2.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.5.2</version> </dependency> <!--其他--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency>
<!-- 日志框架 --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <!--用来单元测试的 jar 包--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>BookStore_SSM</finalName> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.7.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.20.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
然后,点击 Maven 工具包的刷新,jar 包就会被自动下载并配置。
4、 之后,增加配置文件
基本只需要下面几个配置文件:
- resources/mybatis.xml, mybatis 的核心配置文件
- resources/spring-root.xml, spring 的核心配置文件
- resources/spring-web.xml, spring mvc 的配置文件,可以配置 springmvc 相关的东西
- web.xml, 因为是 web 项目,必须要配置 web.xml,让服务器启动的时候加载 spring 和 spring mvc
- log4j.properties,用来定义日志输出
mybatis.xml 示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <settings> <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/> </settings> </configuration>
spring-root.xml 示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 启用注释 --> <!--@Component/@Service/@Repository/@Controller--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.service" /> <!-- 创建数据源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mariadb://localhost:3306/lagou" /> <property name="user" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="Qi1007.." /> </bean> <!-- 配置 mybatis --> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean" > <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis.xml" /> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml" /> </bean> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" /> <property name="basePackage" value="com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.dao" /> </bean> <!-- 配置事务管理 --> </beans>
spring-web.xml 示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:contxt="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!--扫描包下面所有的 @Controller 注解的类,并将其实例化,放入容器--> <contxt:component-scan base-package="com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.web" /> <!-- 启用mvc 的常用注解 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 将所有的静态资源,交给 Servlet处理 --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- 配置 jsp --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>
web.xml 示例,用来驱动 spring 和 spring mvc:
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > <web-app> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <!--配置 Spring 的容器--> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-root.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!--配置 MVC 容器--> <!--将所有的请求,都交给 Spring MVC 处理--> <servlet> <servlet-name>app</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-web.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>app</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>charFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>charFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
log4j.properties,用来配置日志:
# 全局配置: 只显示错误级别的日志,输出为名字为 stdou 的日志 log4j.rootLogger=ERROR, stdout # MyBatis 的日志配置,只输出 com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.dao 包下产生 INFO 以及以上级别的日志 #TRACE为日志级别,可进行修改 log4j.logger.com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.dao=TRACE # 定义名字为 stdout 的日志,将日志输出到控制台 log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n
然后,创建相关的目录结构,如图:
5、 然后就可以创建服务器,启动之了
之后就可以在 idea 里面创建应用服务器,将项目部署到上面,运行之。
6、 开始编码, 准备工作
创建表:
drop table if exists ssm_book; create table ssm_book ( bookid int auto_increment primary key, name varchar(20) not null, cnt int default 0 );
为其创建实现类:
package com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.entity; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; public class Book { private int bookid; private String name; private int cnt; public Book() { } public Book(int bookid, String name, int cnt) { this.bookid = bookid; this.name = name; this.cnt = cnt; } public Book(String name, int cnt) { this.name = name; this.cnt = cnt; } public int getBookid() { return bookid; } public void setBookid(int bookid) { this.bookid = bookid; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getCnt() { return cnt; } public void setCnt(int cnt) { this.cnt = cnt; } }
7、 开始编码, dao 层示例
其创建 BookDAO 接口,实现数据库查询与操作:
package com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.dao; import com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.entity.Book; import java.util.List; public interface BookDAO { //通过 id 获取图书 Book getById(int bookid); //通过 名称 获取图书 Book getByName(String bookName); //获取书籍数目 int countAll(); //获取所有图书 List<Book> listAll(); //新增图书 int insert(Book book); //修改图书 int update(Book book); //删除图书 int delete(int bookid); //修改图书cnt int updateCnt(Book book); //添加操作 int insertLog(String operation); }
然后,为这个接口,编写相应 mapper.xml,可以看做这个 xml 是这个接口的实现类(由 mybatis 根据这个 xml 创建相应的实现类):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.dao.BookDAO"> <insert id="insert" parameterType="com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.entity.Book"> insert into ssm_book (name, cnt) values (#{name}, #{cnt}) </insert> <insert id="insertLog" parameterType="String"> insert into ssm_log (operation) values (#{operation}) </insert> <insert id="update" parameterType="com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.entity.Book"> update ssm_book set name = #{name}, cnt = #{cnt} where bookid = #{bookid} </insert> <update id="updateCnt" parameterType="com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.entity.Book"> update ssm_book set cnt = cnt + #{cnt} where name = #{name} </update> <delete id="delete" parameterType="int"> delete from ssm_book where bookid=#{bookid} </delete> <select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.entity.Book"> select bookid, name, cnt from ssm_book where bookid = #{bookid} </select> <select id="getByName" parameterType="String" resultType="com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.entity.Book"> select bookid, name, cnt from ssm_book where name = #{name} </select> <select id="countAll" resultType="java.lang.Integer"> select count(*) from ssm_book </select> <select id="listAll" resultType="com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.entity.Book"> select bookid, name, cnt from ssm_book </select> <select id="listAllPager" resultType="com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.entity.Book"> select bookid, name, cnt from ssm_book limit #{offset}, #{size} </select> </mapper>
8、开始编码, service 层示例
需要有接口,有实现类,面向接口编程。
需要在实现类上,写 @Service
注解。
package com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.service; import com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.entity.Book; import java.util.List; public interface BookService { //根据书籍id获取单本书籍 Book getBookById(int bookid); //根据书籍名称获取单本书籍 Book getBookByName(String bookName); //获取所有书籍 List<Book> listAll(); //添加书籍 int insert(Book book); //修改书籍 int update(Book book); //修改书籍库存 int updateCnt(Book book); //删除书籍 int delete(int bookid); //添加操作 int insertLogs(String operation); }
实现接口:
package com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.service; import com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.dao.BookDAO; import com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.entity.Book; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.List; @Service public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService { @Autowired private BookDAO bookDAO; @Override public Book getBookById(int bookid) { return bookDAO.getById(bookid); } @Override public Book getBookByName(String bookName) { return bookDAO.getByName(bookName); } @Override public List<Book> listAll() { return bookDAO.listAll(); } @Override public int insert(Book book) { return bookDAO.insert(book); } @Override public int update(Book book) { return bookDAO.update(book); } @Override public int updateCnt(Book book) { return bookDAO.updateCnt(book); } @Override public int delete(int bookid) { return bookDAO.delete(bookid); } @Override public int insertLogs(String operation) { return bookDAO.insertLog(operation); } }
9、开始编码, web 层示例
简单示例:
package com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.web; import com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.service.BookService; import com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.dao.BookDAO; import com.nf147.bookstore_ssm.entity.Book; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import java.util.List; @Controller public class BookController { @Autowired private BookService bookService; @Autowired private BookDAO bookDAO; @RequestMapping("/book/{id}") public ModelAndView getBook(@PathVariable("id") int bookid) { ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("book_detail"); Book book = bookService.getBookById(bookid); mv.addObject("book", book); return mv; } @RequestMapping("/bookAll") public ModelAndView bookAll() { ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("book_list"); List<Book> bookList = bookService.listAll(); mv.addObject("books", bookList); return mv; } @RequestMapping("/form") public ModelAndView form() { ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("book_add"); return mv; } @RequestMapping("/updateForm/{id}") public ModelAndView updateForm(@PathVariable("id") int bookid) { ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("book_update"); mv.addObject("bookid", bookid); return mv; } @RequestMapping("/updateName") public int updateCnt(String name, int count) { Book book = new Book(); book.setName(name); book.setCnt(count); int num = bookService.updateCnt(book); return num; } @RequestMapping("/bookUpdate") public ModelAndView bookUpdate(int id,String name, int count) { Book book = new Book(); book.setBookid(id); book.setName(name); book.setCnt(count); int num = bookService.update(book); if(num > 0) { bookService.insertLogs("update ssm_book set name = "+name+", cnt = "+count+" where bookid = "+id+""); return bookAll(); }else return updateForm(id); } @RequestMapping("/bookAdd") public ModelAndView bookAdd(String name, int count) { Book book = new Book(); book.setName(name); book.setCnt(count); Book upBook = bookService.getBookByName(name); if (upBook != null) { int num = updateCnt(name, count); if (num > 0){ bookService.insertLogs("update ssm_book set cnt = cnt + "+count+" where name = "+name+""); return bookAll(); } } else { int num = bookService.insert(book); if (num > 0) { bookService.insertLogs("insert into ssm_book (name, cnt) values ("+name+", "+count+")"); return bookAll(); }else return form(); } return null; } @RequestMapping("/delete/{id}") public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable("id") int bookid) { int num = bookService.delete(bookid); if (num > 0){ bookService.insertLogs("delete from ssm_book where bookid="+bookid+""); return bookAll(); } return null; } }