MAC下的环境变量配置

一直没有静下心来自己了解一下环境变量,也懒得配置,真是一个不合格的程序员。今天在研究安卓sdk的时候,需要进行环境变量的配置,我用的是Mac,使用adb命令一直失败,了解到是环境变量配置问题,所以对此进行了了解和研究

环境变量的概念:

家里又各种各样的盒子,里面放着不同首饰,盒子的位置分别在不同地方。每次找东西,都要先找盒子,还不知道里面有没有想要的东西,也不知道盒子放在哪里。 于是在一个下雨天,把每一个盒子里的位置记录在大脑里,以后找什么东西,知道盒子位置,就不用一个一个线索的去先找盒子了。

path1中有一个app neckless

path2中有一个app ring

path3中有一个应用 chopsticks

path4中有一个应用 cup

其中path4和path3都有父级路径kitchen.即kitchen/path3/chopsticks 和kitchen/path4/cup

在Mac中,通过vim命令: vim ~/.bash_profile(如果不存在,要创建)打开编辑页面。进入后如果不能编辑,点击按钮i,切换到insert状态进行编辑

添加内容 export PATH=path1/neckless:$PATH 注意等号前后不能有空格. $PATH也可以放在开头。这样neckless就已经添加进环境变量了。

可以通过export PATH = $PATH:path2/ring的方式将ring添加进去。

注意chopsticks和cup的上一层有共同路径kitchen。 对此,我们可以将两者的共同路径做为一个变量: $KITCHEN_PATH=/kitchen

然后将两者添加进PATH : export PATH = $PATH:$KITCHEN_PATH/path3:$KITCHEN_PATH/path4

按下esc键,输入:wq进行保存并退出

在终端执行 source ~/.bash_profile生成环境变量

可以通过 echo $PATH来查看路径是否已经生成。如果生成,path1234就可以直接在终端上运行,而不是需要去查找路径找到app才能打开。

 

安卓SDK为例:

没有配置环境的前提下在终端直接执行adb或者aapt只会提示command not found. 这是因为系统在默认已经登记的路径下没有找到这两个应用。所以我们需要通过添加环境变量的方式将两个路径添加进去。

  1. 打开终端Terminal:键入vim ~/.bash_profile打开文件(如果文件不存在,通过touch ~/.bash_profile创建文件。):

             

  2.键入E,此时的界面是不可编辑状态,点击键盘:切换到输入模式

   键入下面内容:

    

解释一下:

ANDROID_PATH是一个保存上级路径的变量,所以需要在调用时加上$。如果没有$,系统会将其默认为路径名称。

所以 $ANDROID_PATH/tools就相当于保存了路径:/Users/ankaihang/Downloads/android-sdk-macosx

如果没有$,环境变量里就只有ANDROID_PATH/tools。

因为变量的保存方式是: export PATH=$PATH:path1:path2:path3

        或者:   export PATH=$PATH:path1

           export PATH=$PATH:path2

           export PATH=$PATH:path3

如果不添加PATH变量$PATH,那么PATH就会被最新的覆盖。e.g. 在最后加上export PATH=path4. 那最后保存进去的路径就只有path4了。

   3. 点击ESC退出输入模式,输入‘:wq’退出并保存

  4. 在终端输入source ~/.bash_profile更新环境变量

  5. 可通过 echo $PATH查看是否保存成功。

 如果路径和应用所在路径一致,可以在终端直接输入adb,如果得到以下内容就说明环境变量配置成功了

 

Android Debug Bridge version 1.0.40

Version 4797878

Installed as /Users/ankaihang/Downloads/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools/adb

 

global options:

 -a         listen on all network interfaces, not just localhost

 -d         use USB device (error if multiple devices connected)

 -e         use TCP/IP device (error if multiple TCP/IP devices available)

 -s SERIAL  use device with given serial (overrides $ANDROID_SERIAL)

 -t ID      use device with given transport id

 -H         name of adb server host [default=localhost]

 -P         port of adb server [default=5037]

 -L SOCKET  listen on given socket for adb server [default=tcp:localhost:5037]

 

general commands:

 devices [-l]             list connected devices (-l for long output)

 help                     show this help message

 version                  show version num

 

networking:

 connect HOST[:PORT]      connect to a device via TCP/IP [default port=5555]

 disconnect [HOST[:PORT]]

     disconnect from given TCP/IP device [default port=5555], or all

 forward --list           list all forward socket connections

 forward [--no-rebind] LOCAL REMOTE

     forward socket connection using:

       tcp:<port> (<local> may be "tcp:0" to pick any open port)

       localabstract:<unix domain socket name>

       localreserved:<unix domain socket name>

       localfilesystem:<unix domain socket name>

       dev:<character device name>

       jdwp:<process pid> (remote only)

 forward --remove LOCAL   remove specific forward socket connection

 forward --remove-all     remove all forward socket connections

 ppp TTY [PARAMETER...]   run PPP over USB

 reverse --list           list all reverse socket connections from device

 reverse [--no-rebind] REMOTE LOCAL

     reverse socket connection using:

       tcp:<port> (<remote> may be "tcp:0" to pick any open port)

       localabstract:<unix domain socket name>

       localreserved:<unix domain socket name>

       localfilesystem:<unix domain socket name>

 reverse --remove REMOTE  remove specific reverse socket connection

 reverse --remove-all     remove all reverse socket connections from device

 

file transfer:

 push [--sync] LOCAL... REMOTE

     copy local files/directories to device

     --sync: only push files that are newer on the host than the device

 pull [-a] REMOTE... LOCAL

     copy files/dirs from device

     -a: preserve file timestamp and mode

 sync [all|data|odm|oem|product|system|vendor]

     sync a local build from $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT to the device (default all)

     -l: list but don't copy

 

shell:

 shell [-e ESCAPE] [-n] [-Tt] [-x] [COMMAND...]

     run remote shell command (interactive shell if no command given)

     -e: choose escape character, or "none"; default '~'

     -n: don't read from stdin

     -T: disable PTY allocation

     -t: force PTY allocation

     -x: disable remote exit codes and stdout/stderr separation

 emu COMMAND              run emulator console command

 

app installation:

 install [-lrtsdg] [--instant] PACKAGE

 install-multiple [-lrtsdpg] [--instant] PACKAGE...

     push package(s) to the device and install them

     -l: forward lock application

     -r: replace existing application

     -t: allow test packages

     -s: install application on sdcard

     -d: allow version code downgrade (debuggable packages only)

     -p: partial application install (install-multiple only)

     -g: grant all runtime permissions

     --instant: cause the app to be installed as an ephemeral install app

 uninstall [-k] PACKAGE

     remove this app package from the device

     '-k': keep the data and cache directories

 

backup/restore:

   to show usage run "adb shell bu help"

 

debugging:

 bugreport [PATH]

     write bugreport to given PATH [default=bugreport.zip];

     if PATH is a directory, the bug report is saved in that directory.

     devices that don't support zipped bug reports output to stdout.

 jdwp                     list pids of processes hosting a JDWP transport

 logcat                   show device log (logcat --help for more)

 

security:

 disable-verity           disable dm-verity checking on userdebug builds

 enable-verity            re-enable dm-verity checking on userdebug builds

 keygen FILE

     generate adb public/private key; private key stored in FILE,

     public key stored in FILE.pub (existing files overwritten)

 

scripting:

 wait-for[-TRANSPORT]-STATE

     wait for device to be in the given state

     State: device, recovery, sideload, or bootloader

     Transport: usb, local, or any [default=any]

 get-state                print offline | bootloader | device

 get-serialno             print <serial-number>

 get-devpath              print <device-path>

 remount                  remount partitions read-write

 reboot [bootloader|recovery|sideload|sideload-auto-reboot]

     reboot the device; defaults to booting system image but

     supports bootloader and recovery too. sideload reboots

     into recovery and automatically starts sideload mode,

     sideload-auto-reboot is the same but reboots after sideloading.

 sideload OTAPACKAGE      sideload the given full OTA package

 root                     restart adbd with root permissions

 unroot                   restart adbd without root permissions

 usb                      restart adb server listening on USB

 tcpip PORT               restart adb server listening on TCP on PORT

 

internal debugging:

 start-server             ensure that there is a server running

 kill-server              kill the server if it is running

 reconnect                kick connection from host side to force reconnect

 reconnect device         kick connection from device side to force reconnect

 reconnect offline        reset offline/unauthorized devices to force reconnect

 

environment variables:

 $ADB_TRACE

     comma-separated list of debug info to log:

     all,adb,sockets,packets,rwx,usb,sync,sysdeps,transport,jdwp

 $ADB_VENDOR_KEYS         colon-separated list of keys (files or directories)

 $ANDROID_SERIAL          serial number to connect to (see -s)

 $ANDROID_LOG_TAGS        tags to be used by logcat (see logcat --help)

posted @ 2018-08-16 09:41  Q_Lucia  阅读(10738)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报