数据结构开发(4):数组类的创建

0.目录

1.Array

2.StaticArray

3.DynamicArray

4.小结

1.Array

本节目标:

  • 完成 Array 类的具体实现

需求分析:

  • 创建数组类代替原生数组的使用
    1. 数组类包含长度信息
    2. 数组类能够主动发现越界访问

Array 设计要点:

  • 抽象类模板,存储空间的位置和大小由子类完成
  • 重载数组操作符,判断访问下标是否合法
  • 提供数组长度的抽象访问函数
  • 提供数组对象间的复制操作

Array 类的声明:

(在StLib中实现Array.h)

#ifndef ARRAY_H
#define ARRAY_H

#include "Object.h"
#include "Exception.h"

namespace StLib
{

template <typename T>
class Array : public Object
{
protected:
    T* m_array;
public:
    virtual bool set(int i, const T& e)
    {
        bool ret = ((0 <= i) && (i < length()));

        if( ret )
        {
            m_array[i] = e;
        }

        return ret;
    }

    virtual bool get(int i, T& e) const
    {
        bool ret = ((0 <= i) && (i < length()));

        if( ret )
        {
            e = m_array[i];
        }

        return ret;
    }

    // 数组访问操作符
    T& operator[] (int i)
    {
        if( (0 <= i) && (i < length()) )
        {
            return m_array[i];
        }
        else
        {
            THROW_EXCEPTION(IndexOutOfBoundsException, "Parameter i is invalid ...");
        }
    }

    T operator[] (int i) const
    {
        return (const_cast<Array<T>&>(*this))[i];
    }

    virtual int length() const = 0;
};

}

#endif // ARRAY_H

2.StaticArray

本节目标:

  • 完成 StaticArray 类的具体实现

StaticArray 设计要点

  • 类模板
    1. 封装原生数组
    2. 使用模板参数决定数组大小
    3. 实现函数返回数组长度
    4. 拷贝构造赋值操作

StaticArray 类的声明:

(在StLib中实现StaticArray.h)

#ifndef STATICARRAY_H
#define STATICARRAY_H

#include "Array.h"

namespace StLib
{

template <typename T, int N>
class StaticArray : public Array<T>
{
protected:
    T m_space[N];
public:
    StaticArray()
    {
        this->m_array = m_space;
    }

    // 拷贝构造和赋值操作
    StaticArray(const StaticArray<T, N>& obj)
    {
        this->m_array = m_space;

        for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
        {
            m_space[i] = obj.m_space[i];
        }
    }

    StaticArray<T, N>& operator= (const StaticArray<T, N>& obj)
    {
        if( this != &obj )
        {
            for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
            {
                m_space[i] = obj.m_space[i];
            }
        }

        return *this;
    }

    int length() const
    {
        return N;
    }
};

}

#endif // STATICARRAY_H

main.cpp测试

#include <iostream>
#include "StaticArray.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace StLib;

int main()
{
    StaticArray<int, 5> s1;

    for(int i=0; i<s1.length(); i++)
    {
        s1[i] = i * i;
    }

    for(int i=0; i<s1.length(); i++)
    {
        cout << s1[i] << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;

    StaticArray<int, 5> s2;

    s2 = s1;

    for(int i=0; i<s2.length(); i++)
    {
        cout << s2[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

运行结果为:

0
1
4
9
16

0
1
4
9
16

3.DynamicArray

本节目标:

  • 完成 DynamicArray 类的具体实现

DynamicArray 设计要点

  • 类模板
    1. 动态确定内部数组空间的大小
    2. 实现函数返回数组长度
    3. 拷贝构造赋值操作

DynamicArray 类的声明:

(在StLib中实现DynamicArray.h)

#ifndef DYNAMICARRAY_H
#define DYNAMICARRAY_H

#include "Array.h"
#include "Exception.h"

namespace StLib
{

template <typename T>
class DynamicArray : public Array<T>
{
protected:
    int m_length;
public:
    DynamicArray(int length)
    {
        this->m_array = new T[length];

        if( this->m_array != NULL )
        {
            this->m_length = length;
        }
        else
        {
            THROW_EXCEPTION(NoEnoughMemoryException, "No memory to create DynamicArray object ...");
        }
    }

    DynamicArray(const DynamicArray<T>& obj)
    {
        this->m_array = new T[obj.m_length];

        if( this->m_array != NULL )
        {
            this->m_length = obj.m_length;

            for(int i=0; i<obj.m_length; i++)
            {
                this->m_array[i] = obj.m_array[i];
            }
        }
        else
        {
            THROW_EXCEPTION(NoEnoughMemoryException, "No memory to create DynamicArray object ...");
        }
    }

    DynamicArray<T>& operator= (const DynamicArray<T>& obj)
    {
        if( this != &obj )
        {
            T* array = new T[obj.m_length];

            if( array != NULL )
            {
                for(int i=0; i<obj.m_length; i++)
                {
                    array[i] = obj.m_array[i];
                }

                T* temp = this->m_array;

                this->m_array = array;
                this->m_length = obj.m_length;

                delete[] temp;
            }
            else
            {
                THROW_EXCEPTION(NoEnoughMemoryException, "No memory to copy object ...");
            }
        }
    }

    int length() const
    {
        return m_length;
    }

    void resize(int length) // 动态重置数组的长度
    {
        if( length != m_length )
        {
            T* array = new T[length];

            if( array != NULL )
            {
                int size = (length < m_length ? length : m_length);

                for(int i=0; i<size; i++)
                {
                    array[i] = this->m_array[i];
                }

                T* temp = this->m_array;

                this->m_array = array;
                this->m_length = length;

                delete[] temp;
            }
            else
            {
                THROW_EXCEPTION(NoEnoughMemoryException, "No memory to resize object ...");
            }
        }
    }

    ~DynamicArray()
    {
        delete[] this->m_array;
    }
};

}

#endif // DYNAMICARRAY_H

main.cpp测试

#include <iostream>
#include "DynamicArray.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace StLib;

int main()
{
    DynamicArray<int> s1(5);

    for(int i=0; i<s1.length(); i++)
    {
        s1[i] = i * i;
    }

    for(int i=0; i<s1.length(); i++)
    {
        cout << s1[i] << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;

    DynamicArray<int> s2(10);

    s2 = s1;

    s2.resize(3);

    for(int i=0; i<s2.length(); i++)
    {
        cout << s2[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

运行结果为:

0
1
4
9
16

0
1
4

问题:
DynamicArray 类中的函数实现存在重复的逻辑如何进行代码优化

重复代码逻辑的抽象

  • init
    1. 对象构造时的初始化操作
  • copy
    1. 在堆空间中申请新的内存,并执行拷贝操作
  • update
    1. 将指定的堆空间作为内部存储数组使用

动态数组的优化(DynamicArray.h):
优化DynamicArray.h

#ifndef DYNAMICARRAY_H
#define DYNAMICARRAY_H

#include "Array.h"
#include "Exception.h"

namespace StLib
{

template <typename T>
class DynamicArray : public Array<T>
{
protected:
    int m_length;

    T* copy(T* array, int len, int newLen)
    {
        T* ret = new T[newLen];

        if( ret != NULL )
        {
            int size = (len < newLen) ? len : newLen;

            for(int i=0; i<size; i++)
            {
                ret[i] = array[i];
            }
        }

        return ret;
    }

    void update(T* array, int length)
    {
        if( array != NULL )
        {
            T* temp = this->m_array;

            this->m_array = array;
            this->m_length = length;

            delete[] temp;
        }
        else
        {
            THROW_EXCEPTION(NoEnoughMemoryException, "No memory to update DynamicArray object ...");
        }
    }

    void init(T* array, int length)
    {
        if( array != NULL )
        {
            this->m_array = array;
            this->m_length = length;
        }
        else
        {
            THROW_EXCEPTION(NoEnoughMemoryException, "No memory to create DynamicArray object ...");
        }
    }
public:
    DynamicArray(int length)
    {
        init(new T[length], length);
    }

    DynamicArray(const DynamicArray<T>& obj)
    {
        init(copy(obj.m_array, obj.m_length, obj.m_length), obj.m_length);
    }

    DynamicArray<T>& operator= (const DynamicArray<T>& obj)
    {
        if( this != &obj )
        {
            update(copy(obj.m_array, obj.m_length, obj.m_length), obj.m_length);
        }

        return *this;
    }

    int length() const
    {
        return m_length;
    }

    void resize(int length) // 动态重置数组的长度
    {
        if( length != m_length )
        {
            update(copy(this->m_array, m_length, length), length);
        }
    }

    ~DynamicArray()
    {
        delete[] this->m_array;
    }
};

}

#endif // DYNAMICARRAY_H

4.小结

  • StaticArray 通过封装原生数组的方式实现数组类
  • DynamicArray 动态申请堆空间,使得数组长度动态可变
  • 数组对象能够代替原生数组,并且使用上更安全
  • 代码优化是项目开发过程中不可或缺的环节
posted @ 2018-12-13 16:13  PyLearn  阅读(439)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报