[man netdevice] Linux 网络设备参数访问
NETDEVICE(7) Linux Programmer's Manual NETDEVICE(7)
NAME
netdevice - low-level access to Linux network devices
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
DESCRIPTION
This man page describes the sockets interface which is used to configure network devices.
Linux supports some standard ioctls to configure network devices. They can be used on any socket's file descriptor regardless of
the family or type. They pass an ifreq structure:
struct ifreq {
char ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Interface name */
union {
struct sockaddr ifr_addr;
struct sockaddr ifr_dstaddr;
struct sockaddr ifr_broadaddr;
struct sockaddr ifr_netmask;
struct sockaddr ifr_hwaddr;
short ifr_flags;
int ifr_ifindex;
int ifr_metric;
int ifr_mtu;
struct ifmap ifr_map;
char ifr_slave[IFNAMSIZ];
char ifr_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
char *ifr_data;
};
};
struct ifconf {
int ifc_len; /* size of buffer */
union {
char *ifc_buf; /* buffer address */
struct ifreq *ifc_req; /* array of structures */
};
};
Normally, the user specifies which device to affect by setting ifr_name to the name of the interface. All other members of the
structure may share memory.
Ioctls
If an ioctl is marked as privileged then using it requires an effective user ID of 0 or the CAP_NET_ADMIN capability. If this is
not the case EPERM will be returned.
SIOCGIFNAME
Given the ifr_ifindex, return the name of the interface in ifr_name. This is the only ioctl which returns its result in
ifr_name.
SIOCGIFINDEX
Retrieve the interface index of the interface into ifr_ifindex.
SIOCGIFFLAGS, SIOCSIFFLAGS
Get or set the active flag word of the device. ifr_flags contains a bit mask of the following values:
Device flags
IFF_UP Interface is running.
IFF_BROADCAST Valid broadcast address set.
IFF_DEBUG Internal debugging flag.
IFF_LOOPBACK Interface is a loopback interface.
IFF_POINTOPOINT Interface is a point-to-point link.
IFF_RUNNING Resources allocated.
IFF_NOARP No arp protocol, L2 destination address not
set.
IFF_PROMISC Interface is in promiscuous mode.
IFF_NOTRAILERS Avoid use of trailers.
IFF_ALLMULTI Receive all multicast packets.
IFF_MASTER Master of a load balancing bundle.
IFF_SLAVE Slave of a load balancing bundle.
IFF_MULTICAST Supports multicast
IFF_PORTSEL Is able to select media type via ifmap.
IFF_AUTOMEDIA Auto media selection active.
IFF_DYNAMIC The addresses are lost when the interface
goes down.
IFF_LOWER_UP Driver signals L1 up (since Linux 2.6.17)
IFF_DORMANT Driver signals dormant (since Linux 2.6.17)
IFF_ECHO Echo sent packets (since Linux 2.6.25)
Setting the active flag word is a privileged operation, but any process may read it.
SIOCGIFPFLAGS, SIOCSIFPFLAGS
Get or set extended (private) flags for the device. ifr_flags contains a bit mask of the following values:
Private flags
IFF_802_1Q_VLAN Interface is 802.1Q VLAN device.
IFF_EBRIDGE Interface is Ethernet bridging device.
IFF_SLAVE_INACTIVE Interface is inactive bonding slave.
IFF_MASTER_8023AD Interface is 802.3ad bonding master.
IFF_MASTER_ALB Interface is balanced-alb bonding master.
IFF_BONDING Interface is a bonding master or slave.
IFF_SLAVE_NEEDARP Interface needs ARPs for validation.
IFF_ISATAP Interface is RFC4214 ISATAP interface.
Setting the extended (private) interface flags is a privileged operation.
SIOCGIFADDR, SIOCSIFADDR
Get or set the address of the device using ifr_addr. Setting the interface address is a privileged operation. For com‐
patibility, only AF_INET addresses are accepted or returned.
SIOCGIFDSTADDR, SIOCSIFDSTADDR
Get or set the destination address of a point-to-point device using ifr_dstaddr. For compatibility, only AF_INET
addresses are accepted or returned. Setting the destination address is a privileged operation.
SIOCGIFBRDADDR, SIOCSIFBRDADDR
Get or set the broadcast address for a device using ifr_brdaddr. For compatibility, only AF_INET addresses are accepted
or returned. Setting the broadcast address is a privileged operation.
SIOCGIFNETMASK, SIOCSIFNETMASK
Get or set the network mask for a device using ifr_netmask. For compatibility, only AF_INET addresses are accepted or
returned. Setting the network mask is a privileged operation.
SIOCGIFMETRIC, SIOCSIFMETRIC
Get or set the metric of the device using ifr_metric. This is currently not implemented; it sets ifr_metric to 0 if you
attempt to read it and returns EOPNOTSUPP if you attempt to set it.
SIOCGIFMTU, SIOCSIFMTU
Get or set the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) of a device using ifr_mtu. Setting the MTU is a privileged operation. Setting
the MTU to too small values may cause kernel crashes.
SIOCGIFHWADDR, SIOCSIFHWADDR
Get or set the hardware address of a device using ifr_hwaddr. The hardware address is specified in a struct sockaddr.
sa_family contains the ARPHRD_* device type, sa_data the L2 hardware address starting from byte 0. Setting the hardware
address is a privileged operation.
SIOCSIFHWBROADCAST
Set the hardware broadcast address of a device from ifr_hwaddr. This is a privileged operation.
SIOCGIFMAP, SIOCSIFMAP
Get or set the interface's hardware parameters using ifr_map. Setting the parameters is a privileged operation.
struct ifmap {
unsigned long mem_start;
unsigned long mem_end;
unsigned short base_addr;
unsigned char irq;
unsigned char dma;
unsigned char port;
};
The interpretation of the ifmap structure depends on the device driver and the architecture.
SIOCADDMULTI, SIOCDELMULTI
Add an address to or delete an address from the device's link layer multicast filters using ifr_hwaddr. These are privi‐
leged operations. See also packet(7) for an alternative.
SIOCGIFTXQLEN, SIOCSIFTXQLEN
Get or set the transmit queue length of a device using ifr_qlen. Setting the transmit queue length is a privileged opera‐
tion.
SIOCSIFNAME
Changes the name of the interface specified in ifr_name to ifr_newname. This is a privileged operation. It is allowed
only when the interface is not up.
SIOCGIFCONF
Return a list of interface (transport layer) addresses. This currently means only addresses of the AF_INET (IPv4) family
for compatibility. The user passes a ifconf structure as argument to the ioctl. It contains a pointer to an array of
ifreq structures in ifc_req and its length in bytes in ifc_len. The kernel fills the ifreqs with all current L3 interface
addresses that are running: ifr_name contains the interface name (eth0:1 etc.), ifr_addr the address. The kernel returns
with the actual length in ifc_len. If ifc_len is equal to the original length the buffer probably has overflowed and you
should retry with a bigger buffer to get all addresses. When no error occurs the ioctl returns 0; otherwise -1. Overflow
is not an error.
Most protocols support their own ioctls to configure protocol-specific interface options. See the protocol man pages for a
description. For configuring IP addresses see ip(7).
In addition some devices support private ioctls. These are not described here.
NOTES
Strictly speaking, SIOCGIFCONF and the other ioctls that accept or return only AF_INET socket addresses, are IP specific and
belong in ip(7).
The names of interfaces with no addresses or that don't have the IFF_RUNNING flag set can be found via /proc/net/dev.
Local IPv6 IP addresses can be found via /proc/net or via rtnetlink(7).
BUGS
glibc 2.1 is missing the ifr_newname macro in <net/if.h>. Add the following to your program as a workaround:
#ifndef ifr_newname
#define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_slave
#endif
SEE ALSO
proc(5), capabilities(7), ip(7), rtnetlink(7)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.53 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting
bugs, can be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Linux 2012-04-26 NETDEVICE(7)
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