Linux LVM动态扩容
引用自：
https://blog.csdn.net/u012439646/article/details/73380197
xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
一、首先安装系统时系统分区选择lvm卷组分区，详见本人博客链接https://www.cnblogs.com/Presley-lpc/p/9242871.html
1、查看盘结构 lsblk
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 2M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 2M 0 part ├─sda3 8:3 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 19G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 5G 0 lvm / ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP] ├─centos-swap00 253:2 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP] ├─centos-home 253:3 0 2G 0 lvm /home ├─centos-var 253:4 0 1G 0 lvm /var └─centos-application 253:5 0 9G 0 lvm /application sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
2、查看卷组名称及卷组使用情况 vgdisplay
3、查看当前逻辑卷的空间状态 lvdisplay
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/home LV Name home VG Name centos LV UUID vJAKGc-Nd7w-IbPZ-FSI5-CTSS-XoXt-WcFu2z LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-01-17 19:41:24 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 2.00 GiB Current LE 512 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:3 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/swap LV Name swap VG Name centos LV UUID Sgyddc-qr0l-Xry3-xR5f-rYUe-lNkq-3Ia928 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-01-17 19:41:25 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 1.00 GiB Current LE 256 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/var LV Name var VG Name centos LV UUID A0RDo9-Xuz1-7ElO-mwWQ-IHkS-fwDt-YPP1t2 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-01-17 19:41:25 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 1.00 GiB Current LE 256 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:4 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/swap00 LV Name swap00 VG Name centos LV UUID 9HyfSy-etlb-74M9-NKiz-AtaC-YPij-i9Tb78 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-01-17 19:41:26 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 1.00 GiB Current LE 256 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/root LV Name root VG Name centos LV UUID fez5HR-4F4j-PRBy-cdfE-syBU-4NIU-DHnNIK LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-01-17 19:41:26 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 5.00 GiB Current LE 1280 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/application LV Name application VG Name centos LV UUID UT39NC-88Ru-hcX2-iceA-P84w-yHac-xKf3o0 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-01-17 19:41:27 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 8.99 GiB Current LE 2301 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:5
二、扩容
1、在一中我们通过lvdisplay可以看到最后这个卷组 /dev/centos/application 的大小为8.99G，现在要动态扩容到28.99G。
a、首先添加一块硬盘，然后查看 fdisk -l，可以看到/dev/sdb即为所添加的硬盘.
[root@localhost application]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0003a9f3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 6143 2048 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6144 10239 2048 83 Linux /dev/sda3 * 10240 2107391 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda4 2107392 41943039 19917824 5 Extended /dev/sda5 2109440 41943039 19916800 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap00: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-var: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-application: 9651 MB, 9651093504 bytes, 18849792 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
b、给磁盘分区，此处全部都分出来
[root@localhost application]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6f1c09c9. Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): Using default value 41943039 Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
c、将分区类型改为lvm
[root@localhost application]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list all codes): L 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM' Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x6f1c09c9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 41943039 20970496 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
2、开始扩容
a、将新加的分区 /dev/sdb1 创建为物理卷
[root@localhost application]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
b、给卷组‘centos’扩容（此处的centos即为一中vgdisplay 中的centos），将物理卷 /dev/sdb1 扩展至‘centos’卷组
[root@localhost application]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1 Volume group "centos" successfully extended
c、此时卷组‘centos’有20G空余空间，将其全部扩展至 /application
[root@localhost application]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-application Size of logical volume centos/application changed from 8.99 GiB (2301 extents) to 28.99 GiB (7421 extents). Logical volume application successfully resized.
d、虽然此时磁盘已经扩展至/application,但是还没有写入文件系统，我们先通过df -hT 查看/application文件格式为xfs，因此，使用xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-application 命令写入。若文件格式为ext4则使用命令resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-application写入
[root@localhost application]# df -hT Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 5.0G 1020M 4.0G 20% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 493M 6.8M 487M 2% /run tmpfs tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-home xfs 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /home /dev/mapper/centos-application xfs 9.0G 33M 9.0G 1% /application /dev/mapper/centos-var xfs 1014M 79M 936M 8% /var /dev/sda3 xfs 1014M 133M 881M 14% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 [root@localhost application]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-application meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-application isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=589056 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=0 finobt=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=2356224, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 2356224 to 7599104 [root@localhost application]# df -hT Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 5.0G 1020M 4.0G 20% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 493M 6.8M 487M 2% /run tmpfs tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-home xfs 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /home /dev/mapper/centos-application xfs 29G 33M 29G 1% /application /dev/mapper/centos-var xfs 1014M 79M 936M 8% /var /dev/sda3 xfs 1014M 133M 881M 14% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0
e、可以看到/application大小已经从9G动态扩容到了29G。
三、lvm创建和使用
1、创建和使用流程
建立分区-PV--VG--LV--格式化--挂载
2、fdisk建立分区
#fdisk /dev/sdb //同样分区sdc
n 1 回车 回车
t 8e 回车
p 查看 w退出
# fdisk -l /dev/sdb /dev/sdc | grep "LVM"
3、 转换为物理卷PV
# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
4、创建卷组VG
# vgcreate juanzu /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
5、在卷组中 创建逻辑卷LV
# lvcreate -L 120G -n luoji juanzu
6、mkfs 格式化
#mkfs -t ext4 /dev/juanzu/luoji
7、mount 挂载
#mount /dev/juanzu/luoji /yinpan
df -hT 查看
#df -hT
8、注意：设置文件系统自动挂载
#vi /etc/fstab
设备名称 挂载点目录 文件类型 defaults默认参数（读写） 0（dump备份） 0（启动检查）
/dev/juanzu/luoji /yinpan ext4 defaults 0 0
四、lvm动态扩容总结
1、创建分区
#fdisk /dev/sdb
2、创建物理卷
#pvcreat /dev/sdb1
3、查看卷组名称及使用情况
#vgdisplay
4、将物理卷扩展到卷组
#vgextend centos /dev/sdb1 (此处‘centos’是卷组名称)
5、将卷组中空闲空间扩展到 /home
#lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-application
6、刷新文件系统使扩容生效
#resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-application
7、使用reiserfs 文件系统代替ext2/ext3 ，若为xfs则用xfs_growfs
#resize_reiserfs /dev/mapper/cl-home
#xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/cl-home
