Python 携程

一、协程

  1、又称微线程,纤程。英文名Coroutine.一句话说明什么是协程:协程是一种用户态的轻量级线程(相当于操作系统不知道它的存在,是用户控制的)。

  2、协程拥有自己的寄存器上下文和栈(代码的必要的代码段和)。协程调度切换时,将寄存器上下文和栈保存到其他地方,在切回来的时候,恢复先前保存的寄存器上下文和栈,因此:协程能保留上一次调用时的状态(即所有局部状态的一个特定组合),每次过程重入时,就相当于进入上一次调用的状态,换种说法:进入上一次离开时所处逻辑流的位置。

  3、协程一定是在单线程中运行的。

二、协程的优点与缺点

  优点:

  1、无需线程上下文切换的开销。

  2、无需原子操作(最小级别的操作)锁定及同步的开销。

  3、方便切换控制流,简化编程模型。

  4、高并发+高扩展性+低成本:一个CPU支持上万的协程都不是问题,所以很适合用于高并发处理。

  缺点:

  1、无法利用多核资源:协程的本质是个单线程,它不能同时将单个CPU的多个核用上,协程需要和进程配合才能运行在多CPU上,当然我们日常所编写的绝大部分应用都没有这个必要,除非是cpu密集型应用。

  2、进行阻塞(Blocking)操作(如IO时)会阻塞掉整个程序。

三、使用yield实现协程操作例子

  1、使用yield实现的一个最简单的协程的效果

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 # -*- coding : utf-8 -*-
 3 # 作者: Presley
 4 # 时间: 2018-12-4
 5 # 邮箱:1209989516@qq.com
 6 # 这是我用来练习python 协程的测试脚本
 7 
 8 import time
 9 import queue
10 
11 def consumer(name):
12     print("starting eating baozi...")
13     while True:
14         new_baozi = yield
15         print("[%s] is eating baozi %s" %(name,new_baozi))
16 
17 def producer():
18     r = con.__next__()
19     r = con2.__next__()
20     n = 0
21     while n < 5:
22         n += 1
23         con.send(n)
24         con2.send(n)
25         print("\033[32;1m[producer]\033[0m is making")
26 
27 if __name__ == "__main__":
28     con = consumer("c1")
29     con2 = consumer("c2")
30 
31 
32     p = producer()

  执行结果:

 1 C:\Users\wohaoshuai\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe E:/PythonLearn/day16/pro_consume.py
 2 starting eating baozi...
 3 starting eating baozi...
 4 [c1] is eating baozi 1
 5 [c2] is eating baozi 1
 6 [producer] is making
 7 [c1] is eating baozi 2
 8 [c2] is eating baozi 2
 9 [producer] is making
10 [c1] is eating baozi 3
11 [c2] is eating baozi 3
12 [producer] is making
13 [c1] is eating baozi 4
14 [c2] is eating baozi 4
15 [producer] is making
16 [c1] is eating baozi 5
17 [c2] is eating baozi 5
18 [producer] is making
19 
20 Process finished with exit code 0

   2、greenlet

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 # -*- coding : utf-8 -*-
 3 # 作者: Presley
 4 # 时间: 2018-12-4
 5 # 邮箱:1209989516@qq.com
 6 # 这是我用来练习python 协程的测试脚本
 7 
 8 from greenlet import greenlet
 9 
10 def test1():
11     print(12)
12     gr2.switch() 
13     print(34)
14     gr2.switch()
15 
16 def test2():
17     print(56)
18     gr1.switch()
19     print(78)
20 
21 gr1 = greenlet(test1)
22 gr2 = greenlet(test2)
23 gr1.switch()

执行结果:

1 C:\Users\wohaoshuai\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe E:/PythonLearn/day16/pro_consume.py
2 12
3 56
4 34
5 78
6 
7 Process finished with exit code 0

  3、gevent

    a、gevent是一个第三方库,可以轻松通过gevent实现并发同步或异步编程,在gevent中用到的主要模式是greenlet,它是以C扩展模块形式接入Python的轻量级协程。greenlet全部运行在主程序操作系统进程的内部,但它们被协作式地调度。

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 # -*- coding : utf-8 -*-
 3 # 作者: Presley
 4 # 时间: 2018-12-1
 5 # 邮箱:1209989516@qq.com
 6 # 这是我用来练习python 协程的测试脚本
 7 
 8 import gevent
 9 
10 def foo():
11     print("Running in foo")
12     gevent.sleep(1)
13     print("Explicit context switch to foo again")
14 
15 def bar():
16     print("Explicit context to bar")
17     gevent.sleep(1)
18     print("Implicit context switch back to bar")
19 
20 def ex():
21     print("Explicit context to ex")
22     gevent.sleep(1)
23     print("Implicit context switch back to ex")
24 
25 gevent.joinall([
26     gevent.spawn(foo),  #类似产生一个协程的foo
27     gevent.spawn(bar),  #产生一个协程的bar
28     gevent.spawn(ex)
29 ])
30 
31 #代码的效果为:第一个协程切换到第二个,第二个切换到第三个,然后又遇到sleep(模拟io)又切换到下一个,然后实现并发的协程的效果

    执行结果

1 C:\Users\wohaoshuai\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe E:/PythonLearn/day16/pro_consume.py
2 Running in foo
3 Explicit context to bar
4 Explicit context to ex
5 Explicit context switch to foo again
6 Implicit context switch back to bar
7 Implicit context switch back to ex
8 
9 Process finished with exit code 0

   b、通过协程爬取网页实例

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 # -*- coding : utf-8 -*-
 3 # 作者: Presley
 4 # 时间: 2018-12-5
 5 # 邮箱:1209989516@qq.com
 6 # 这是我用来练习python 协程的测试脚本
 7 
 8 from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()
 9 import gevent
10 
11 from urllib.request import urlopen
12 
13 def f(url):
14     print("GET: %s"  %url)
15     resp = urlopen(url)
16     data = resp.read()
17     print("%d bytes received from %s." %(len(data),url))
18 
19 gevent.joinall([
20     gevent.spawn(f,"https://www.python.org/"),
21     gevent.spawn(f,"https://www.yahoo.com/"),
22     gevent.spawn(f,"https://github.com"),
23 ])

执行结果:

1 C:\Users\wohaoshuai\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe E:/PythonLearn/day16/pro_consume.py
2 GET: https://www.python.org/
3 GET: https://www.yahoo.com/
4 GET: https://github.com
5 80704 bytes received from https://github.com.
6 50008 bytes received from https://www.python.org/.
7 528149 bytes received from https://www.yahoo.com/.
8 
9 Process finished with exit code 0

  c、通过gevent实现单线程下的多socket并发

    server端

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 # -*- coding : utf-8 -*-
 3 # 作者: Presley
 4 # 时间: 2018-12-5
 5 # 邮箱:1209989516@qq.com
 6 # 这是我用来练习python 协程的测试脚本
 7 
 8 
 9 import gevent
10 from gevent import socket,monkey
11 monkey.patch_all() #python中的一种黑魔法,只要写入一句话就自动的把python中的许多标准库变为非阻塞的模式
12 
13 def server(port):
14     s = socket.socket()
15     s.bind(("0.0.0.0",port))
16     s.listen(5000)
17     while True:
18         cli,addr = s.accept()
19         gevent.spawn(handle_request,cli) #执行handle_request函数,参数是cli,即客户端实例
20 def handle_request(s):
21     try:
22         while True:
23             data = s.recv(1024) #接收数据,这里设置成不阻塞
24             print("recv:",data)
25             s.send(data)
26             if not data:
27                 s.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RD) #如果接收为空值,结束
28     except Exception as ex:
29         print(ex)
30     finally:
31         s.close()
32 
33 if __name__ == "__main__":
34     server(8001)

    client端

 1 #!/usr/bin/python
 2 # -*- coding : utf-8 -*-
 3 # 作者: Presley
 4 # 时间: 2018-12-5
 5 # 邮箱:1209989516@qq.com
 6 # 这是我用来练习python 协程的测试脚本
 7 
 8 import socket
 9 
10 HOST = "localhost"
11 PORT = 8001
12 s = socket.socket()
13 s.connect((HOST,PORT))
14 
15 while True:
16     msg = input(">>:")
17     if not msg:continue
18     msg = msg.encode("utf-8")
19     s.sendall(msg)
20     data = s.recv(1024)
21     print("Received",data.decode("utf-8"))
22 s.close()

 

posted @ 2018-12-02 19:09  Presley  阅读(5875)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报